# 02805 shared playground — week 4 release (frozen snapshot, 2026-09-15)
# Philosophers on English Wikipedia, born before 1900: everyone in the seven lists
# 'List of philosophers born in the centuries BC' ... 'born in the 19th century'
# (redirects resolved). 1444 philosophers. era = the list they appear in;
# subfields = any of Wikipedia's subfield lists they are also on. node_id matches
# week4_philosophers_edges.tsv.
node_id	name	wikidata_id	url	era	subfields	description
'Ali_ibn_al-'Abbas_al-Majusi	'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi	Q543191	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Ali_ibn_al-%27Abbas_al-Majusi	1st through 10th centuries		'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi, also known as Masoudi, or Latinized as Haly Abbas, was a Persian physician and psychologist from the Islamic Golden Age, most famous for the Kitab al-Maliki or Complete Book of the Medical Art, his textbook on medicine and psychology.
8th_Karmapa,_Mikyö_Dorje	8th Karmapa, Mikyö Dorje	Q1335480	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Karmapa,_Miky%C3%B6_Dorje	15th and 16th centuries		Mikyö Dorje was the eighth Karmapa, head of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.
A._V._Dicey	A. V. Dicey	Q1344299	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._V._Dicey	19th century		Albert Venn Dicey, was a British Whig jurist and constitutional theorist.
Abbo_of_Fleury	Abbo of Fleury	Q306658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbo_of_Fleury	1st through 10th centuries		Abbo or Abbon of Fleury, also known as Saint Abbo or Abbon, was a monk and abbot of Fleury Abbey in present-day Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire near Orléans, France.
Abhinavagupta	Abhinavagupta	Q320619	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhinavagupta	1st through 10th centuries	aestheticians	Abhinavagupta was a philosopher, mystic and aesthetician from Kashmir.
Abner_of_Burgos	Abner of Burgos	Q322560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abner_of_Burgos	11th through 14th centuries		Abner of Burgos was a Jewish philosopher, a convert to Christianity, and a polemical writer against his former religion.
Abraham_Cohen_de_Herrera	Abraham Cohen de Herrera	Q329866	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Cohen_de_Herrera	15th and 16th centuries		Abraham Cohen de Herrera, also known as Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira, was a religious philosopher and cabbalist.
Abraham_Maimonides	Abraham Maimonides	Q2874503	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maimonides	11th through 14th centuries		Abraham Maimonides was a Jewish philosopher and leader of Egyptian Jewry, and the son of Maimonides.
Abraham_Tucker	Abraham Tucker	Q2821859	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Tucker	18th century		Abraham Tucker was an English country gentleman, who devoted himself to the study of philosophy.
Abraham_bar_Hiyya	Abraham bar Hiyya	Q31439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_bar_Hiyya	11th through 14th centuries		Abraham bar Ḥiyya ha-Nasi, also known as Abraham Savasorda, Abraham Albargeloni, and Abraham Judaeus, was a Catalan Jewish mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and translator who lived in Barcelona, then part of the County of Barcelona in what is now Spain.
Abraham_ibn_Daud	Abraham ibn Daud	Q330821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Daud	11th through 14th centuries		Abraham ibn Daud was a Spanish-Jewish astronomer, historian and philosopher born in Córdoba, Spain about 1110 who was said to have been killed for his religious beliefs in Toledo, Spain about 1180.
Abraham_ibn_Ezra	Abraham ibn Ezra	Q270670	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Ezra	11th through 14th centuries		Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra was one of the most distinguished Jewish biblical commentators and philosophers of the Middle Ages.
Abu_Bakr_al-Razi	Abu Bakr al-Razi	Q169234	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Razi	1st through 10th centuries		Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, also known as Rhazes, 864 or 865 – 925 or 935 CE, was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist who lived during the Islamic Golden Age.
Abu_Hanifa	Abu Hanifa	Q190896	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hanifa	1st through 10th centuries		Abu Hanifa was a Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, and ascetic, and the founder and eponym of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence.
Abu_Hatim_Ahmad_ibn_Hamdan_al-Razi	Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi	Q4670206	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hatim_Ahmad_ibn_Hamdan_al-Razi	1st through 10th centuries		Abū Ḥātim Aḥmad ibn Ḥamdān al-Rāzī was a Persian Ismaili philosopher of the 10th century, who died in 322 AH.
Abu_Hayyan_al-Tawhidi	Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi	Q2695766	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hayyan_al-Tawhidi	1st through 10th centuries		Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī, full name ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbbās al-Baghdadi, was an Arab intellectual, writer, and philosopher of the 10th century.
Abu_Ma'shar_al-Balkhi	Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi	Q11373	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ma%27shar_al-Balkhi	1st through 10th centuries		Abu Ma‘shar al-Balkhi, Latinized as Albumasar, was an early Persian Muslim astrologer, thought to be the greatest astrologer of the Abbasid court in Baghdad.
Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi	Abu Mansur al-Maturidi	Q12827721	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi	1st through 10th centuries		Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi was a Hanafi jurist and theologian who is the eponym of the Maturidi school of kalam in Sunnism.
Abu_Sulayman_Sijistani	Abu Sulayman Sijistani	Q3303997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sulayman_Sijistani	1st through 10th centuries		Abu Sulayman Muhammad al-Sijistani, nicknamed al-Mantiqi, c.
Abu_Tammam	Abu Tammam	Q1750054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Tammam	1st through 10th centuries		Ḥabīb ibn Aws al-Ṭā’ī, better known by his sobriquet Abū Tammām, was an Arab Muslim poet.
Abu_Ya'qub_al-Sijistani	Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani	Q1188700	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ya%27qub_al-Sijistani	1st through 10th centuries		Abu Ya'qub Ishaq ibn Ahmad al-Sijistani or al-Sijzi, also known as Bandaneh, was a 10th-century Persian Ismaili missionary active in the northern and eastern Iranian lands.
Abu_Zayd_al-Balkhi	Abu Zayd al-Balkhi	Q335516	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Balkhi	1st through 10th centuries		Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist.
Abu_al-Hakam_al-Kirmani	Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani	Q4670445	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Hakam_al-Kirmani	11th through 14th centuries		Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani was a prominent philosopher and scholar from al-Andalus.
Abu_al-Hasan_al-Ash'ari	Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari	Q316349	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Ash%27ari	1st through 10th centuries		Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari was an Arab Muslim theologian known for being the eponymous founder of the Ash'ari school of kalam in Sunnism.
Abu_al-Hassan_al-Amiri	Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri	Q4115511	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Hassan_al-Amiri	1st through 10th centuries		Abu al-Hassan Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Amiri was a Muslim theologian and philosopher who attempted to reconcile philosophy with religion, and Sufism with conventional Islam.
Adam_Ferguson	Adam Ferguson	Q183094	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Ferguson	18th century		Adam Ferguson, also known as Ferguson of Raith, was a Scottish philosopher and historian of the Scottish Enlightenment.
Adam_Smith	Adam Smith	Q9381	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith	18th century	ethicists	Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the field of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.
Adam_of_Balsham	Adam of Balsham	Q321390	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_of_Balsham	11th through 14th centuries		Adam of Balsham was an Anglo-Norman scholastic and churchman.
Adam_of_Wodeham	Adam of Wodeham	Q4680059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_of_Wodeham	11th through 14th centuries		Adam of Wodeham, OFM was a philosopher and theologian.
Addison_Webster_Moore	Addison Webster Moore	Q2824154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison_Webster_Moore	19th century		Addison Webster Moore was a U.S. pragmatist philosopher.
Adelard_of_Bath	Adelard of Bath	Q312372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelard_of_Bath	11th through 14th centuries		Adelard of Bath was a 12th-century English natural philosopher.
Adi_Shankara	Adi Shankara	Q180967	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Shankara	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Adi Shankara, also called Adi Shankaracharya, was an Indian Vedic scholar-monk, philosopher, and teacher of Advaita Vedanta.
Adolf_Reinach	Adolf Reinach	Q66061	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Reinach	19th century		Adolf Bernhard Philipp Reinach was a German philosopher associated with the Munich phenomenology school.
Aedesius	Aedesius	Q404023	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedesius	1st through 10th centuries		Aedesius was a Neoplatonic philosopher and mystic.
Aenesidemus	Aenesidemus	Q314467	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aenesidemus	centuries BC	epistemologists	Aenesidemus was a 1st-century BC Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher from Knossos who revived the doctrines of Pyrrho and introduced ten skeptical "modes" for the suspension of judgment.
Afrikan_Spir	Afrikan Spir	Q385790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikan_Spir	19th century		Afrikan Alexandrovich Spir, also spelled African Spir, was a Russian-born philosopher of German-Greek descent who wrote primarily in German, but also French.
Agostino_Nifo	Agostino Nifo	Q395689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostino_Nifo	15th and 16th centuries		Agostino Nifo was an Italian philosopher and commentator.
Agrippa_the_Skeptic	Agrippa the Skeptic	Q365115	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippa_the_Skeptic	1st through 10th centuries		Agrippa was a Pyrrhonist philosopher who probably lived towards the end of the 1st century CE.
Ahad_Ha'am	Ahad Ha'am	Q380425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahad_Ha%27am	19th century		Asher Zvi Hirsch Ginsberg, primarily known by his Hebrew name and pen name Ahad Ha'am, was a Hebrew journalist and essayist, and one of the foremost pre-state Zionist thinkers.
Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal	Ahmad ibn Hanbal	Q194442	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal	1st through 10th centuries		Ahmad ibn Hanbal was an Arab jurist and founder of the Hanbali school who is widely recognized as the scholar who memorized the most Hadiths in Islamic history.
Ahmad_ibn_al-Tayyib_al-Sarakhsi	Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi	Q4117210	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_al-Tayyib_al-Sarakhsi	1st through 10th centuries		Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi was a Persian traveler, historian and philosopher from the city of Sarakhs.
Ajita_Kesakambali	Ajita Kesakambali	Q153187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajita_Kesakambali	centuries BC		Ajita Kesakambali was an ancient Indian philosopher in the 6th century BC.
Akka_Mahadevi	Akka Mahadevi	Q3518406	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi	11th through 14th centuries		Akka Mahadevi was a 12th century philosopher, poet, mystic and a prominent member of the Lingayatism denomination of Hinduism founded in the 12th century.
Akshobhya_Tirtha	Akshobhya Tirtha	Q48730567	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akshobhya_Tirtha	11th through 14th centuries		Shree Akshobhya Tirtha was a Dvaita philosopher, scholar and theologian.
Al-Allama_al-Hilli	Al-Allama al-Hilli	Q290506	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Allama_al-Hilli	11th through 14th centuries		Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Ḥasan ibn Yūsuf ibn ʿAli ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī, commonly known as al-Allāmah al-Ḥillī, was a Twelver Shi'a Muslim scholar and theologian of Iraqi Arab descent.
Al-Baqillani	Al-Baqillani	Q2608002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Baqillani	1st through 10th centuries		Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Bāqillānī, was a Sunni Muslim scholar and polymath who specialized in speculative Islamic theology, jurisprudence, logic, and hadith.
Al-Farabi	Al-Farabi	Q160460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Farabi	1st through 10th centuries	epistemologists	Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi, known in the Latin West as Alpharabius, was an early Islamic philosopher and music theorist.
Al-Ghazali	Al-Ghazali	Q9546	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali	11th through 14th centuries	epistemologists, ethicists, social and political philosophers	Al-Ghazali, (Persian: ابو حامد محمد ابن محمد غزالی توسی, romanized: Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Ghazālī Ṭūsi, Latinized as Algazelus, was a Shafi'i Sunni Muslim Persian scholar and polymath.
Al-Juwayni	Al-Juwayni	Q2584074	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Juwayni	11th through 14th centuries		Dhia' ul-Dīn 'Abd al-Malik ibn Yūsuf al-Juwaynī al-Shafi'ī was an Iranian Sunni scholar famous for being the foremost leading jurisconsult, legal theoretician and Islamic theologian of his time.
Al-Kindi	Al-Kindi	Q179759	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi	1st through 10th centuries	epistemologists	Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī was a Mesopotamian Arab polymath who was active as a philosopher, mathematician, physician, and music theorist.
Al-Ma'arri	Al-Ma'arri	Q277073	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ma%27arri	1st through 10th centuries		Abu al-Ala al-Ma'arri, also known by his Latin name Abulola Moarrensis, was an Arab philosopher, poet, and writer from Ma'arrat al-Nu'man, Emirate of Aleppo.
Al-Mawardi	Al-Mawardi	Q335635	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mawardi	1st through 10th centuries		Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Habib, commonly known by the nisba al-Mawardi, was a Sunni polymath and a Shafi'i jurist, legal theoretician, muhaddith, theologian, sociologist and an expert in political science.
Al-Qadi_Abd_al-Jabbar	Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar	Q3773706	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qadi_Abd_al-Jabbar	1st through 10th centuries		Abu al-Hasan ʿAbd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad ibn Khalil ibn ʿAbdallah al-Hamadani al-Asadabadi was a Persian Mu'tazili theologian, jurist and hadith scholar who is remembered as the Qadi al-Qudat of the Buyid dynasty, and a reported follower of the Shafi‘i school.
Al-Qushayri	Al-Qushayri	Q4115259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qushayri	1st through 10th centuries		'Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawazin Abū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī al-Naysābūrī was an Arab Muslim scholar, theologian, jurist, legal theoretician, commentator of the Qur’an, muhaddith, grammarian, spiritual master, orator, poet, and an eminent scholar who mastered a number of Islamic sciences.
Al-Shafi'i	Al-Shafi'i	Q294281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i	1st through 10th centuries		Al-Shafi'i (Arabic: الشَّافِعِيّ, romanized: al-Shāfiʿī; IPA: [a ʃaːfiʕiː] ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence.
Alain_(philosopher)	Alain (philosopher)	Q275003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_(philosopher)	19th century		Émile-Auguste Chartier, commonly known as Alain, was a French philosopher, journalist, essayist, pacifist, and teacher of philosophy.
Alain_LeRoy_Locke	Alain LeRoy Locke	Q2120917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_LeRoy_Locke	19th century		Alain LeRoy Locke was an American writer, philosopher, and educator.
Alain_de_Lille	Alain de Lille	Q4313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_de_Lille	11th through 14th centuries		Alain de Lille was a French theologian and poet.
Albert_Einstein	Albert Einstein	Q937	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein	19th century		Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity.
Albert_Schweitzer	Albert Schweitzer	Q49325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer	19th century		Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer was a German polymath from Alsace.
Albert_of_Saxony_(philosopher)	Albert of Saxony (philosopher)	Q61044	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_of_Saxony_(philosopher)	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	Albert of Saxony was a German late medieval philosopher, mathematician, and Latin bishop known for his contributions to logic and physics.
Albertus_Magnus	Albertus Magnus	Q60059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Albertus Magnus, also known as Saint Albert the Great, Albert of Swabia, Albert von Bollstadt, or Albert of Cologne, was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop.
Albinus_(philosopher)	Albinus (philosopher)	Q657941	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albinus_(philosopher)	1st through 10th centuries		Albinus was a Platonist philosopher, who lived at Smyrna, and was teacher of Galen.
Alcibiades	Alcibiades	Q187982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcibiades	centuries BC		Alcibiades was an Athenian statesman and general.
Alcinous_(philosopher)	Alcinous (philosopher)	Q936686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcinous_(philosopher)	1st through 10th centuries		Alcinous was a Middle Platonist philosopher.
Alcmaeon_of_Croton	Alcmaeon of Croton	Q188332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcmaeon_of_Croton	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Alcmaeon of Croton was an early Greek medical writer and philosopher-scientist.
Alcuin	Alcuin	Q154332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcuin	1st through 10th centuries	logicians	Alcuin of York, also called Ealhwine, Alhwin, or Alchoin, was an Anglo-Saxon scholar, clergyman, poet, and teacher from York, Northumbria, who was active in the Carolingian Empire in the 8th century.
Alejandro_Korn	Alejandro Korn	Q4714583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Korn	19th century		Alejandro Korn was an Argentine psychiatrist, philosopher, reformist and politician.
Aleksei_Losev	Aleksei Losev	Q1248105	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksei_Losev	19th century		Aleksei Fyodorovich Losev was a Soviet and Russian philosopher, philologist and culturologist, one of the most prominent figures in Russian philosophical and religious thought of the 20th century.
Aleksey_Khomyakov	Aleksey Khomyakov	Q358497	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Khomyakov	19th century		Aleksey Stepanovich Khomyakov was a Russian theologian, philosopher, poet and amateur artist.
Alessandro_Achillini	Alessandro Achillini	Q949162	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Achillini	15th and 16th centuries		Alessandro Achillini (Latin Alexander Achillinus; 20 or 29 October 1463 – 2 August 1512) was an Italian philosopher and physician.
Alexander_Bain_(philosopher)	Alexander Bain (philosopher)	Q384882	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Bain_(philosopher)	19th century	logicians	Alexander Bain was a Scottish philosopher and educationalist in the British school of empiricism and a prominent and innovative figure in the fields of psychology, linguistics, logic, moral philosophy and education reform.
Alexander_Bogdanov	Alexander Bogdanov	Q335142	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Bogdanov	19th century		Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov, born Alexander Malinovsky, was a Russian and later Soviet physician, philosopher, science fiction writer, and Bolshevik revolutionary.
Alexander_Bryan_Johnson	Alexander Bryan Johnson	Q4718454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Bryan_Johnson	18th century		Alexander Bryan Johnson, was a British-born American philosopher and semanticist.
Alexander_Gerard	Alexander Gerard	Q3610758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Gerard	18th century		Alexander Gerard FRSE was a Scottish minister, academic and philosophical writer.
Alexander_Gottlieb_Baumgarten	Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten	Q76517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Gottlieb_Baumgarten	18th century	aestheticians	Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten was a German philosopher.
Alexander_Herzen	Alexander Herzen	Q201221	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Herzen	19th century		Alexander Ivanovich Herzen was a Russian writer and thinker known as the precursor of Russian socialism and one of the main precursors of agrarian populism.
Alexander_Neckam	Alexander Neckam	Q1974885	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Neckam	11th through 14th centuries		Alexander Neckam was an English poet, theologian, and writer.
Alexander_of_Aphrodisias	Alexander of Aphrodisias	Q317146	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_of_Aphrodisias	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians, social and political philosophers	Alexander of Aphrodisias was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle.
Alexander_of_Hales	Alexander of Hales	Q457968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_of_Hales	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Alexander of Hales—known also as Doctor Irrefragibilis, or "Irrefutable Teacher", and as Theologorum Monarcha—was a Franciscan friar, theologian, and philosopher instrumental to the development of scholasticism.
Alexandre_Koyré	Alexandre Koyré	Q319243	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9	19th century		Alexandre Koyré (; French: [kwaʁe]; born Alexandr Vladimirovich Koyra; 29 August 1892 – 28 April 1964), also anglicized as Alexander Koyre, was a French philosopher of Russian origin who wrote on the history and philosophy of science.
Alexis_de_Tocqueville	Alexis de Tocqueville	Q140694	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville	19th century	social and political philosophers	Alexis Charles Henri Clérel, comte de Tocqueville, was a French diplomat, political philosopher and historian.
Alexius_Meinong	Alexius Meinong	Q78600	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexius_Meinong	19th century	metaphysicians	Alexius Meinong von Handschuchsheim was an Austrian philosopher, a realist known for his unique ontology and theory of objects.
Alf_Ross	Alf Ross	Q942703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Ross	19th century		Alf Niels Christian Ross was a Danish jurist, legal philosopher and judge of the European Court of Human Rights.
Alfred_Baeumler	Alfred Baeumler	Q65697	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler	19th century		Albin Alfred Baeumler, was an Austrian-born German philosopher, pedagogue and prominent Nazi ideologue.
Alfred_Jarry	Alfred Jarry	Q7841	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry	19th century		Alfred Jarry was a French symbolist writer who is best known for his play Ubu Roi, often cited as a forerunner of the Dada, Surrealist, and Futurist movements of the 1920s and 1930s and later the theatre of the absurd in the 1950s and 1960s.
Alfred_Loisy	Alfred Loisy	Q918361	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Loisy	19th century		Alfred Firmin Loisy was a French Catholic priest, theologian, and academic, generally regarded as one of the leading figures of the modernist movement within the Catholic Church.
Alfred_North_Whitehead	Alfred North Whitehead	Q183372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead	19th century	logicians, metaphysicians	Alfred North Whitehead was an English mathematician and philosopher.
Alfred_Russel_Wallace	Alfred Russel Wallace	Q160627	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace	19th century		Alfred Russel Wallace was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and illustrator.
Alfred_Schütz	Alfred Schütz	Q94018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Sch%C3%BCtz	19th century		Alfred Schutz was an Austrian philosopher and social phenomenologist whose work bridged sociological and phenomenological traditions.
Algernon_Sidney	Algernon Sidney	Q1034181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algernon_Sidney	17th century		Algernon Sidney or Sydney was an English politician, republican political theorist and colonel.
Ambrose	Ambrose	Q43689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose	1st through 10th centuries	ethicists	Ambrose of Milan, canonized as Saint Ambrose, was a Roman theologian and statesman who served as Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397.
Ammonius_Hermiae	Ammonius Hermiae	Q123147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonius_Hermiae	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Ammonius Hermiae was a Greek philosopher from Alexandria, Byzantine Egypt.
Ammonius_Saccas	Ammonius Saccas	Q310173	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonius_Saccas	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Ammonius Saccas was a Hellenistic Neoplatonic self-taught philosopher from Alexandria, Roman Egypt, generally regarded as the precursor of Neoplatonism or one of its founders.
Anacharsis	Anacharsis	Q325026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacharsis	centuries BC		Anacharsis was a Scythian prince and philosopher of uncertain historicity who lived in the 6th century BC.
Ananda_Coomaraswamy	Ananda Coomaraswamy	Q379589	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananda_Coomaraswamy	19th century		Ananda Kentish Muthu Coomaraswamy was a Ceylonese metaphysician, historian and a philosopher of Indian art who was an early interpreter of Indian culture to the West.
Anandavardhana	Anandavardhana	Q2551244	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandavardhana	1st through 10th centuries		Ānandavardhana was a Kashmiri court poet and literary critic, honored with the title of Rajanak during King Avantivarman's reign.
Anaxagoras	Anaxagoras	Q83041	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaxagoras	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Anaxagoras was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.
Anaxarchus	Anaxarchus	Q366031	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaxarchus	centuries BC		Anaxarchus was a Greek philosopher of the school of Democritus.
Anaxilaus	Anaxilaus	Q760203	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaxilaus	centuries BC		Anaxilaus or Anaxilas of Larissa was a physician and Pythagorean philosopher.
Anaximander	Anaximander	Q42458	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaximander	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Anaximander was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia.
Anaximenes_of_Miletus	Anaximenes of Miletus	Q80612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Miletus	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Anaximenes of Miletus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Anatolia.
Anders_Nygren	Anders Nygren	Q442186	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Nygren	19th century		Anders Theodor Samuel Nygren was a Swedish Lutheran theologian.
Andrea_Cesalpino	Andrea Cesalpino	Q346523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Cesalpino	15th and 16th centuries		Andrea Cesalpino was a Florentine physician, philosopher and botanist.
Andronicus_of_Rhodes	Andronicus of Rhodes	Q352988	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronicus_of_Rhodes	centuries BC	ethicists	Andronikos of Rhodes was a Greek philosopher from Rhodes who was also the scholarch of the Peripatetic school.
Anna_Maria_van_Schurman	Anna Maria van Schurman	Q255261	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Maria_van_Schurman	17th century		Anna Maria van Schurman was a Dutch painter, engraver, poet, classical scholar, philosopher, and feminist writer who is best known for her exceptional learning and her defence of female education.
Anne_Conway_(philosopher)	Anne Conway (philosopher)	Q260404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Conway_(philosopher)	17th century		Anne Conway was an English philosopher of the seventeenth century, whose work was in the tradition of the Cambridge Platonists.
Anniceris	Anniceris	Q556865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anniceris	centuries BC		Anniceris was a Cyrenaic philosopher. He argued that pleasure is achieved through individual acts of gratification which are sought for the pleasure that they produce, but he also laid great emphasis on the love of family, country, friendship and gratitude, which provide pleasure even when they dema
Anselm_of_Canterbury	Anselm of Canterbury	Q43939	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Anselm of Canterbury, also known as Anselm of Aosta after his birthplace and Anselm of Bec after his monastery, was a Benedictine abbot, philosopher and theologian who served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109.
Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_3rd_Earl_of_Shaftesbury	Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury	Q335112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_3rd_Earl_of_Shaftesbury	17th century		Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury was an English Whig politician, philosopher and writer.
Anthony_Collins_(philosopher)	Anthony Collins (philosopher)	Q573040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Collins_(philosopher)	17th century		Anthony Collins was an English philosopher and essayist, notable for being one of the early proponents of Deism in Great Britain.
Antiochus_of_Ascalon	Antiochus of Ascalon	Q320042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochus_of_Ascalon	centuries BC		Antiochus of Ascalon was a 1st-century BC Platonist philosopher.
Antiphon_(orator)	Antiphon (orator)	Q335560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphon_(orator)	centuries BC		Antiphon of Rhamnus was the earliest of the ten Attic orators, and an important figure in fifth-century Athenian political and intellectual life.
Antisthenes	Antisthenes	Q179149	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisthenes	centuries BC		Antisthenes was a Greek philosopher and a pupil of Socrates.
Antoine_Arnauld	Antoine Arnauld	Q353887	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld	17th century		Antoine Arnauld was a French Catholic theologian, priest, philosopher and mathematician.
Antoine_Augustin_Cournot	Antoine Augustin Cournot	Q323245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Cournot	19th century		Antoine Augustin Cournot was a French philosopher and mathematician who contributed to the development of economics.
Antoine_Le_Grand	Antoine Le Grand	Q327782	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Le_Grand	17th century		Antoine Le Grand was a French Recollect and Cartesian philosopher.
Anton_Wilhelm_Amo	Anton Wilhelm Amo	Q595486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Wilhelm_Amo	18th century		Anton Wilhelm Amo was a Nzema philosopher from Axim, Dutch Gold Coast then within what was broadly considered the region of Guinea.
Antonio_Gramsci	Antonio Gramsci	Q83003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci	19th century	aestheticians	Antonio Francesco Gramsci was an Italian Marxist philosopher, journalist and politician.
Antonio_Labriola	Antonio Labriola	Q342730	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Labriola	19th century		Antonio Labriola was an Italian Marxist theoretician and philosopher.
Antonio_Rosmini	Antonio Rosmini	Q337311	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini	18th century		Antonio Francesco Davide Ambrogio Rosmini-Serbati, IC was an Italian Catholic priest and philosopher.
Apollonius_of_Tyana	Apollonius of Tyana	Q297040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollonius_of_Tyana	1st through 10th centuries		Apollonius of Tyana was a Greek philosopher and religious leader from the town of Tyana, Cappadocia in Roman Anatolia, who spent his life travelling and teaching in the Middle East, North Africa and India.
Apuleius	Apuleius	Q170512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuleius	1st through 10th centuries		Apuleius, also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis, was a Numidian Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician.
Arcesilaus	Arcesilaus	Q73527	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcesilaus	centuries BC		Arcesilaus was a Greek Hellenistic philosopher.
Archibald_Alison_(author)	Archibald Alison (author)	Q3289285	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Alison_(author)	18th century		Archibald Alison was a Scottish Anglican priest and essayist.
Archimedes	Archimedes	Q8739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes	centuries BC		Archimedes of Syracuse was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the city of Syracuse in Sicily.
Archytas	Archytas	Q202001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas	centuries BC		Archytas was an Ancient Greek mathematician, music theorist, statesman, and strategist from the ancient city of Taras in modern Apulia, Southern Italy.
Aristides_of_Athens	Aristides of Athens	Q349916	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristides_of_Athens	1st through 10th centuries		Aristides the Athenian was a 2nd-century Christian Greek author who is primarily known as the author of the Apology of Aristides.
Aristippus	Aristippus	Q189506	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristippus	centuries BC		Aristippus of Cyrene was a hedonistic Greek philosopher and the founder of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy.
Aristo_of_Chios	Aristo of Chios	Q646951	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristo_of_Chios	centuries BC		Aristo of Chios, also spelled Ariston, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and colleague of Zeno of Citium.
Aristotle	Aristotle	Q868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle	centuries BC	aestheticians, epistemologists, ethicists, logicians, metaphysicians, social and political philosophers	Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Aristoxenus	Aristoxenus	Q335156	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristoxenus	centuries BC	ethicists	Aristoxenus of Tarentum was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher, and a pupil of Aristotle.
Arius	Arius	Q106026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arius	1st through 10th centuries		Arius was a Cyrenaic presbyter and ascetic.
Arnold_Geulincx	Arnold Geulincx	Q316559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Geulincx	17th century		Arnold Geulincx, also known by his pseudonym Philaretus, was a Flemish philosopher, metaphysician, and logician.
Arnold_Ruge	Arnold Ruge	Q61558	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Ruge	19th century		Arnold Ruge was a German philosopher and political writer.
Arthur_Collier	Arthur Collier	Q1960921	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Collier	17th century		Arthur Collier was an English Anglican priest and philosopher who wrote about the non-existence of an absolute external world.
Arthur_Eddington	Arthur Eddington	Q215022	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Eddington	19th century		Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington was an English astrophysicist and mathematician.
Arthur_Oncken_Lovejoy	Arthur Oncken Lovejoy	Q504753	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Oncken_Lovejoy	19th century		Arthur Oncken Lovejoy was an American philosopher and intellectual historian, who founded the discipline known as the history of ideas with his book The Great Chain of Being, on the topic of that name, which has been described as 'probably the single most influential work in the history of ideas in 
Arthur_Schopenhauer	Arthur Schopenhauer	Q38193	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer	18th century	aestheticians, ethicists, metaphysicians	Arthur Schopenhauer, also known as the “Philosopher of Pessimism”, was a German philosopher and writer.
Arthur_de_Gobineau	Arthur de Gobineau	Q264918	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau	19th century		Arthur de Gobineau, Count de Gobineau was a French writer and diplomat who is best known for helping introduce scientific race theory and "racial demography", and for developing the theory of the Aryan master race and Nordicism.
Asanga	Asanga	Q379905	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asanga	1st through 10th centuries		Asaṅga was one of the most important spiritual figures of Mahayana Buddhism and the founder of the Yogachara school.
Asclepiades_of_Bithynia	Asclepiades of Bithynia	Q261936	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiades_of_Bithynia	centuries BC		Asclepiades, sometimes called Asclepiades of Bithynia or Asclepiades of Prusa, was a Greek physician born at Prusias-on-Sea in Bithynia in Anatolia and who flourished at Rome, where he practised and taught Greek medicine.
Ashtavakra	Ashtavakra	Q2722992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtavakra	centuries BC		Ashtavakra is a revered Vedic sage in Hinduism.
Aspasius	Aspasius	Q735515	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspasius	1st through 10th centuries		Aspasius was a Peripatetic philosopher. Boethius, who frequently referred to his works, said he wrote commentaries on most of the works of Aristotle.
Athanasius_of_Alexandria	Athanasius of Alexandria	Q44024	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria	1st through 10th centuries		Athanasius I of Alexandria, also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, or, among Coptic Christians, Athanasius the Apostolic, was a Christian theologian and the 20th Patriarch of Alexandria.
Atiśa	Atiśa	Q320150	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba	11th through 14th centuries		Atiśa Dīpaṃkara Śrījñāna was a Buddhist religious teacher and leader from Bengal.
August_Cieszkowski	August Cieszkowski	Q176163	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Cieszkowski	19th century		Count August Dołęga Cieszkowski was a Polish philosopher, economist and social and political activist.
August_Wilhelm_Rehberg	August Wilhelm Rehberg	Q649972	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Rehberg	18th century		August Wilhelm Rehberg was a German philosopher.
Auguste_Comte	Auguste Comte	Q12718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte	18th century	social and political philosophers	Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte (; French: [oɡyst kɔ̃t] ; 19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857) was a French philosopher and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism.
Augustine_of_Hippo	Augustine of Hippo	Q8018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo	1st through 10th centuries	aestheticians, epistemologists, ethicists	Augustine of Hippo, also well-known as Saint Augustine, was a Christian theologian and philosopher from Thagaste, Numidia Cirtensis and the Bishop of Hippo Regius.
Augustus_De_Morgan	Augustus De Morgan	Q208448	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_De_Morgan	19th century	logicians	Augustus De Morgan was a British mathematician and logician.
Avempace	Avempace	Q11362	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avempace	11th through 14th centuries		Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Yaḥya ibn aṣ-Ṣā’igh at-Tūjībī ibn Bājja, known simply as Ibn Bajja or his Latinized name Avempace, was an Arab polymath, whose writings include works regarding astronomy, physics, and music, as well as philosophy, medicine, botany, and poetry.
Averroes	Averroes	Q39837	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averroes	11th through 14th centuries	epistemologists, social and political philosophers	Ibn Rushd, Latinized as Averroes, was an Andalusian polymath and jurist who was proficient in a variety of intellectual fields, including philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, psychology, mathematics, neurology, Islamic jurisprudence, law, and linguistics.
Avicenna	Avicenna	Q8011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna	1st through 10th centuries	epistemologists, ethicists	Ibn Sina, commonly known in the West as Avicenna ( AV-ih-SEN-ə), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world.
Axel_Hägerström	Axel Hägerström	Q792205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_H%C3%A4gerstr%C3%B6m	19th century		Axel Anders Theodor Hägerström was a Swedish philosopher.
B._R._Ambedkar	B. R. Ambedkar	Q231690	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar	19th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was an Indian jurist, economist, social reformer and politician who chaired the committee that drafted the Constitution of India based on the debates of the Constituent Assembly of India and the first draft of Sir Benegal Narsing Rau.
Bahya_ibn_Paquda	Bahya ibn Paquda	Q762229	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahya_ibn_Paquda	11th through 14th centuries	ethicists	Bahyā ibn Pāqudā, c. 1050–1120, was a Jewish philosopher and rabbi who lived in the Taifa of Zaragoza in al-Andalus.
Baltasar_Gracián	Baltasar Gracián	Q360512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltasar_Graci%C3%A1n	17th century		Baltasar Gracián y Morales, better known as Baltasar Gracián, was a Spanish Jesuit priest and Baroque prose writer and philosopher.
Baron_d'Holbach	Baron d'Holbach	Q7104	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach	18th century		Paul Thiry, Baron d'Holbach, known as d'Holbach, was a Franco-German philosopher, encyclopedist and writer, who was a prominent figure in the French Enlightenment.
Bartholomäus_Keckermann	Bartholomäus Keckermann	Q67136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Keckermann	15th and 16th centuries		Bartholomäus Keckermann (c. 1572 – 25 August 1609) was a German writer, Calvinist theologian and philosopher.
Bartolomé_de_Medina_(theologian)	Bartolomé de Medina (theologian)	Q809544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_Medina_(theologian)	15th and 16th centuries		Bartolomé de Medina, was a Spanish theologian born in Medina de Rioseco, Spain.
Bartolus_de_Saxoferrato	Bartolus de Saxoferrato	Q439050	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolus_de_Saxoferrato	11th through 14th centuries		Bartolus de Saxoferrato was an Italian law professor and one of the most prominent continental jurists of Medieval Roman Law.
Baruch_Spinoza	Baruch Spinoza	Q35802	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza	17th century	epistemologists, ethicists, metaphysicians	Baruch Spinoza, also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin who was born and lived in the Dutch Republic.
Basava	Basava	Q771686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basava	11th through 14th centuries		Basava, also called Basavēśvara and Basavaṇṇa, was an Indian philosopher, poet, Lingayat social reformer in the Shiva-focused bhakti movement, and a Hindu Shaivite social reformer during the reign of the Kalyani Chalukya and the Kalachuri Dynasty.
Basilides	Basilides	Q345277	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilides	1st through 10th centuries		Basilides was an early Christian Gnostic religious teacher in Alexandria, Egypt who, according to Clement of Alexandria, was active between 117–161 AD, and claimed to have inherited his teachings from the apostle Saint Matthias.
Bede	Bede	Q154938	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede	1st through 10th centuries		Bede, OSB, also known as the Venerable Bede or Bede the Venerable, was an English Benedictine monk, author and scholar.
Benedetto_Croce	Benedetto Croce	Q192348	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedetto_Croce	19th century	aestheticians	Benedetto Croce, was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and politician who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography, and aesthetics.
Benjamin_Constant	Benjamin Constant	Q123089	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Constant	18th century		Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque, or simply Benjamin Constant, was a Swiss and French political thinker, activist and writer on political theory and religion.
Benjamin_Franklin	Benjamin Franklin	Q34969	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin	18th century		Benjamin Franklin was an American polymath who was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States; a drafter and signer of the Declaration of Independence; and the first postmaster general.
Benjamin_Paul_Blood	Benjamin Paul Blood	Q4889098	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Paul_Blood	19th century		Benjamin Paul Blood was an American philosopher, mystic and poet.
Benjamin_Peirce	Benjamin Peirce	Q467611	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Peirce	19th century		Benjamin Peirce was an American mathematician who taught at Harvard University for approximately 50 years.
Benjamin_Tucker	Benjamin Tucker	Q505871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker	19th century	social and political philosophers	Benjamin Ricketson Tucker was an American individualist anarchist and self-identified socialist.
Benjamin_Whichcote	Benjamin Whichcote	Q1436859	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Whichcote	17th century		Benjamin Whichcote was an English Establishment and Puritan priest, Provost of King's College, Cambridge and leader of the Cambridge Platonists.
Bernard_Bolzano	Bernard Bolzano	Q184735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bolzano	18th century	logicians	Bernard Bolzano was a Bohemian mathematician, logician, philosopher, theologian and Catholic priest of Italian extraction, also known for his liberal views.
Bernard_Bosanquet_(philosopher)	Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)	Q822329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(philosopher)	19th century		Bernard Bosanquet was an English philosopher and political theorist, and an influential figure on matters of political and social policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Bernard_Le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle	Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle	Q310309	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle	17th century		Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, also called Bernard Le Bouyer de Fontenelle, was a French writer and a member of three of the academies of the Institut de France, noted especially for his accessible treatment of scientific topics during the unfolding of the Age of Enlightenment.
Bernard_Mandeville	Bernard Mandeville	Q379912	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Mandeville	17th century		Bernard Mandeville, or Bernard de Mandeville, was an Anglo-Dutch philosopher, political economist, satirist, writer and physician.
Bernard_of_Chartres	Bernard of Chartres	Q826272	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_of_Chartres	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Bernard of Chartres was a twelfth-century French Neo-Platonist philosopher, scholar, and administrator.
Bernard_of_Clairvaux	Bernard of Clairvaux	Q188411	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux	11th through 14th centuries	ethicists	Bernard of Clairvaux, O.Cist., venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templar, and a major leader in the reform of the Benedictines through the nascent Cistercian Order.
Bernardino_Telesio	Bernardino Telesio	Q457986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardino_Telesio	15th and 16th centuries		Bernardino Telesio was an Italian philosopher and natural scientist.
Bernardus_Silvestris	Bernardus Silvestris	Q523113	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardus_Silvestris	11th through 14th centuries		Bernardus Silvestris, also known as Bernard Silvestris and Bernard Silvester, was a medieval Platonist philosopher and poet of the 12th century.
Bernhard_Riemann	Bernhard Riemann	Q42299	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann	19th century		Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was a German mathematician who made profound contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry.
Bertrand_Russell	Bertrand Russell	Q33760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell	19th century	epistemologists, ethicists, logicians, metaphysicians, social and political philosophers	Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, was an English philosopher, logician, and social reformer.
Bessarion	Bessarion	Q299446	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessarion	11th through 14th centuries		Bessarion was a Byzantine Greek Renaissance humanist, theologian, Catholic cardinal and one of the famed Greek scholars who contributed to the revival of letters in the 15th century.
Bhartṛhari	Bhartṛhari	Q335161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhart%E1%B9%9Bhari	1st through 10th centuries		Bhartṛhari, was an Indian philosopher of language, linguist and poet, known for his contributions to the fields of linguistics, grammar, and philosophy.
Bhoja	Bhoja	Q3630446	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhoja	11th through 14th centuries		Bhoja was the Paramara king of Malwa region in central India.
Blaise_Pascal	Blaise Pascal	Q1290	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal	17th century	ethicists	Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer.
Blasius_of_Parma	Blasius of Parma	Q855257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasius_of_Parma	11th through 14th centuries		Biagio Pelacani da Parma; c. 1350 – 1416), known in English as Blasius of Parma, was an Italian philosopher, mathematician and astrologer.
Bodhidharma	Bodhidharma	Q187172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhidharma	1st through 10th centuries		Bodhidharma was a semi-legendary Buddhist monk who lived during the 5th or 6th century CE.
Boethius	Boethius	Q102851	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boethius	1st through 10th centuries		Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly known simply as Boethius, was a Roman senator, consul, magister officiorum, polymath, historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages.
Boetius_of_Dacia	Boetius of Dacia	Q428694	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boetius_of_Dacia	11th through 14th centuries		Boetius de Dacia was a 13th-century Danish philosopher of the Dominican Order.
Bonaventure	Bonaventure	Q43746	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaventure	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Bonaventure was an Italian Catholic Franciscan bishop, cardinal, scholastic theologian and philosopher.
Borden_Parker_Bowne	Borden Parker Bowne	Q4095226	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borden_Parker_Bowne	19th century		Borden Parker Bowne was an American Christian philosopher, Methodist minister and theologian.
Brand_Blanshard	Brand Blanshard	Q2923716	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_Blanshard	19th century		Percy Brand Blanshard was an American philosopher known primarily for his defense of rationalism and idealism.
Branislav_Petronijević	Branislav Petronijević	Q4957412	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branislav_Petronijevi%C4%87	19th century		Branislav Petronijević was a Serbian philosopher and paleontologist, and a professor at the University of Belgrade.
Bruno_Bauer	Bruno Bauer	Q76878	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Bauer	19th century		Bruno Bauer was a German philosopher, theologian, and historian.
Buddhaghosa	Buddhaghosa	Q335247	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhaghosa	1st through 10th centuries		Buddhaghosa was a 5th-century Indian Theravādin Buddhist commentator, translator, and philosopher.
Burchard_of_Worms	Burchard of Worms	Q62668	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burchard_of_Worms	1st through 10th centuries		Burchard of Worms was the bishop of the Imperial City of Worms, in the Holy Roman Empire.
Béla_Hamvas	Béla Hamvas	Q717298	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Hamvas	19th century		Béla Hamvas was a Hungarian writer, philosopher, and social critic.
C._D._Broad	C. D. Broad	Q1022453	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._D._Broad	19th century		Charlie Dunbar Broad was an English philosopher who worked on epistemology, history of philosophy, philosophy of science, and ethics, as well as the philosophical aspects of psychical research.
C._E._M._Joad	C. E. M. Joad	Q5006416	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._E._M._Joad	19th century		Cyril Edwin Mitchinson Joad was an English philosopher, author, teacher and broadcasting personality.
C._I._Lewis	C. I. Lewis	Q725642	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._I._Lewis	19th century	logicians	Clarence Irving Lewis was an American academic philosopher.
C._S._Lewis	C. S. Lewis	Q9204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._S._Lewis	19th century		Clive Staples Lewis was a British author, literary scholar and Anglican lay theologian.
Cai_Yuanpei	Cai Yuanpei	Q19796	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai_Yuanpei	19th century		Cai Yuanpei, spelt Ts'ai Yuan-p'ei during his lifetime, was a Chinese philosopher and politician who was an influential figure in the history of Chinese modern education.
Calcidius	Calcidius	Q729244	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcidius	1st through 10th centuries		Calcidius was a 4th-century philosopher who translated the first part of Plato's Timaeus from Greek into Latin around the year 321 and provided with it an extensive commentary.
Callicles	Callicles	Q553801	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callicles	centuries BC		Callicles is thought to have been an ancient Athenian political philosopher.
Candidus_(fl._793–802)	Candidus (fl. 793–802)	Q1236878	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidus_(fl._793%E2%80%93802)	1st through 10th centuries		Candidus was the name given to the Anglo-Saxon Wizo or Witto by Alcuin, whose scholar he was and with whom he went in 782 to Gaul.
Carl_Jung	Carl Jung	Q41532	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung	19th century		Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and psychologist who founded the school of analytical psychology.
Carl_Linnaeus	Carl Linnaeus	Q1043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus	18th century		Carl Linnaeus, also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné, was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms.
Carl_Schmitt	Carl Schmitt	Q77148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Schmitt	19th century	social and political philosophers	Carl Schmitt was a German jurist and political philosopher.
Carl_Stumpf	Carl Stumpf	Q57497	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Stumpf	19th century		Carl Stumpf was a German philosopher, psychologist and musicologist.
Carlo_Cattaneo	Carlo Cattaneo	Q1042024	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Cattaneo	19th century		Carlo Cattaneo was an Italian philosopher, writer, and activist, famous for his role in the Five Days of Milan in March 1848, when he led the city council during the rebellion.
Carlo_Michelstaedter	Carlo Michelstaedter	Q738539	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Michelstaedter	19th century		Carlo Raimondo Michelstaedter or Michelstädter was an Italian philosopher, artist, and man of letters.
Carneades	Carneades	Q284994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carneades	centuries BC		Carneades was a Greek philosopher, perhaps the most prominent head of the Skeptical Academy in Ancient Greece.
Cassius_Longinus_(philosopher)	Cassius Longinus (philosopher)	Q436634	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassius_Longinus_(philosopher)	1st through 10th centuries		Cassius Longinus was a Greek rhetorician and philosophical critic.
Catharine_Trotter_Cockburn	Catharine Trotter Cockburn	Q1091103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharine_Trotter_Cockburn	17th century		Catharine Trotter Cockburn was an English novelist, dramatist and philosopher who wrote on various subjects, including moral philosophy and theology, and maintained a prolific correspondence.
Cavalcante_de'_Cavalcanti	Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti	Q2251638	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalcante_de%27_Cavalcanti	11th through 14th centuries		Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti was a Florentine philosopher and father of Guido Cavalcanti, a close friend of Dante Alighieri.
Cebes	Cebes	Q965144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebes	centuries BC		Cebes of Thebes was an Ancient Greek philosopher from Thebes remembered as a disciple of Socrates.
Celsus	Celsus	Q315370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsus	1st through 10th centuries		Celsus was a 2nd-century Greek philosopher and opponent of early Christianity.
Cesare_Beccaria	Cesare Beccaria	Q223723	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria	18th century		Cesare Beccaria Bonesana, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist, and politician.
Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)	Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)	Q936308	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)	15th and 16th centuries		Cesare Cremonini, sometimes Cesare Cremonino, was an Italian academic and professor of natural philosophy.
Ch'ien_Mu	Ch'ien Mu	Q707313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27ien_Mu	19th century		Ch'ien Mu or Qian Mu was a Chinese historian, philosopher and writer.
Chaerephon	Chaerephon	Q744125	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaerephon	centuries BC		Chaerephon, of the Athenian deme Sphettus, was an ancient Greek best remembered as a loyal friend and follower of Socrates.
Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu	Chaitanya Mahaprabhu	Q870262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu	15th and 16th centuries		Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, born Vishvambhara Mishra, was an Indian Hindu saint from Bengal and the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism.
Chakradhar_Swami	Chakradhar Swami	Q5068400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami	11th through 14th centuries		Chakradhara (also known as Sarvajña Shri Chakradhar Swāmī or Kunwar Haripāladeva) was an Indian Hindu saint and philosopher, who was the founder of Mahanubhava sect of Krishnaism.
Chanakya	Chanakya	Q9045	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya	centuries BC	logicians, social and political philosophers	Chanakya, according to legendary narratives preserved in various traditions dating from the 4th to 11th century CE, was a Brahmin who assisted the first Mauryan emperor Chandragupta in his rise to power and the establishment of the Maurya Empire.
Chandrakirti	Chandrakirti	Q456963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrakirti	1st through 10th centuries		Chandrakirti or "Chandra" was a Buddhist scholar of the Madhyamaka school who was based out of the monastery of Nalanda.
Chao_Cuo	Chao Cuo	Q1185798	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Cuo	centuries BC		Chao Cuo was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer.
Chapman_Cohen	Chapman Cohen	Q5073270	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman_Cohen	19th century		Chapman Cohen was an English freethinker, atheist, and secularist writer and lecturer.
Charles_Babbage	Charles Babbage	Q46633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage	18th century		Charles Babbage was an English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.
Charles_Bell	Charles Bell	Q451727	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bell	18th century		Sir Charles Bell was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian.
Charles_Bonnet	Charles Bonnet	Q123565	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bonnet	18th century		Charles Bonnet was a Genevan naturalist and philosophical writer.
Charles_Darwin	Charles Darwin	Q1035	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin	19th century		Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
Charles_Fourier	Charles Fourier	Q181707	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fourier	18th century		François Marie Charles Fourier was a French philosopher, an influential early socialist thinker, and one of the founders of utopian socialism.
Charles_Hartshorne	Charles Hartshorne	Q1064777	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hartshorne	19th century		Charles Hartshorne was an American philosopher who concentrated primarily on the philosophy of religion and metaphysics, but also contributed to ornithology.
Charles_Renouvier	Charles Renouvier	Q220856	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Renouvier	19th century		Charles Bernard Renouvier was a French philosopher.
Charles_Sanders_Peirce	Charles Sanders Peirce	Q187520	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce	19th century	epistemologists, logicians	Charles Sanders Peirce was an American scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism".
Charles_Secrétan	Charles Secrétan	Q2027982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Secr%C3%A9tan	19th century		Charles Secrétan was a Swiss academic philosopher, author of works about society and politics, and a lawyer.
Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman	Charlotte Perkins Gilman	Q287752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman	19th century		Charlotte Anna Perkins Gilman, also known by her first married name Charlotte Perkins Stetson, was an American humanist, novelist, writer, lecturer, early sociologist, and advocate for social reform.
Chauncey_Wright	Chauncey Wright	Q726365	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauncey_Wright	19th century		Chauncey Wright was an American philosopher and mathematician, who was an influential early defender of Darwinism and an important influence on American pragmatists such as Charles Sanders Peirce and William James.
Cheng_Hao	Cheng Hao	Q558192	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng_Hao	11th through 14th centuries		Chéng Hào, Courtesy name Bóchún, was a Chinese philosopher and politician from Luoyang, China.
Cheng_Yi_(philosopher)	Cheng Yi (philosopher)	Q558380	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng_Yi_(philosopher)	11th through 14th centuries	social and political philosophers	Cheng Yi, also known by various other names and romanizations, was a Chinese classicist, essayist, philosopher, and politician of the Song Dynasty.
Christiaan_Huygens	Christiaan Huygens	Q39599	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens	17th century		Christiaan Huygens, Lord of Zeelhem was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor who is regarded as a key figure in the Scientific Revolution.
Christian_August_Crusius	Christian August Crusius	Q63340	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_August_Crusius	18th century		Christian August Crusius was a German philosopher and Protestant theologian.
Christian_Hermann_Weisse	Christian Hermann Weisse	Q697259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Hermann_Weisse	19th century		Christian Hermann Weisse was a German Protestant religious philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of Leipzig.
Christian_Thomasius	Christian Thomasius	Q57501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Thomasius	17th century		Christian Thomasius was a German jurist and philosopher.
Christian_Wolff_(philosopher)	Christian Wolff (philosopher)	Q76510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosopher)	17th century	ethicists, logicians, metaphysicians	Christian Wolff was a German philosopher.
Christian_von_Ehrenfels	Christian von Ehrenfels	Q78603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_von_Ehrenfels	19th century		Christian von Ehrenfels was an Austrian philosopher, and is known as one of the founders and precursors of Gestalt psychology.
Christine_de_Pizan	Christine de Pizan	Q234816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan	11th through 14th centuries		Christine de Pizan or Pisan, was an Italian-born court writer for King Charles VI of France and several French royal dukes, in both prose and poetry.
Christoph_Gottfried_Bardili	Christoph Gottfried Bardili	Q285917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Gottfried_Bardili	18th century		Christoph Gottfried Bardili was a German philosopher and cousin of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling.
Chrysanthius	Chrysanthius	Q248578	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthius	1st through 10th centuries		Chrysanthius of Sardis was a Greek philosopher who studied at the school of Iamblichus.
Chrysippus	Chrysippus	Q211411	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysippus	centuries BC	logicians	Chrysippus of Soli was a Greek Stoic philosopher.
Cicero	Cicero	Q1541	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero	centuries BC	social and political philosophers	Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, and writer who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises of the Roman Republic that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire.
Clarembald_of_Arras	Clarembald of Arras	Q372888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarembald_of_Arras	11th through 14th centuries		Clarembald of Arras was a French theologian.
Claude_Adrien_Helvétius	Claude Adrien Helvétius	Q190302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius	18th century	ethicists	Claude Adrien Helvétius was a French philosopher, Freemason, and littérateur.
Claude_Buffier	Claude Buffier	Q722978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Buffier	17th century		Claude Buffier, French philosopher, historian and teacher, was born in Poland of French parents, who returned to France and settled in Rouen, then in the Province of Normandy, soon after his birth.
Cleanthes	Cleanthes	Q310149	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleanthes	centuries BC		Cleanthes, of Assos, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and boxer who was the successor to Zeno of Citium as the second head of the Stoic school in Athens.
Clement_of_Alexandria	Clement of Alexandria	Q188883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria	1st through 10th centuries		Titus Flavius Clemens, also known as Clement of Alexandria, was a Christian theologian and philosopher who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria.
Cleobulus	Cleobulus	Q365950	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleobulus	centuries BC		Cleobulus was a Greek poet and a native of Lindos.
Cleomedes	Cleomedes	Q31278	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleomedes	1st through 10th centuries		Cleomedes was a Greek astronomer who is known chiefly for his book On the Circular Motions of the Celestial Bodies, also known as The Heavens.
Clitomachus_(philosopher)	Clitomachus (philosopher)	Q466951	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitomachus_(philosopher)	centuries BC		Clitomachus or Cleitomachus was a Greek philosopher, originally from Carthage, who came to Athens in 163/2 BC and studied philosophy under Carneades.
Confucius	Confucius	Q4604	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius	centuries BC	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Confucius, born Kong Qiu, was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages.
Constantin_Brunner	Constantin Brunner	Q214862	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brunner	19th century		Constantin Brunner was the pen-name of the German Jewish philosopher Arjeh Yehuda Wertheimer.
Crantor	Crantor	Q434773	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crantor	centuries BC		Crantor of Soli was an Ancient Greek philosopher and member of the Old Academy who was the first philosopher to write commentaries on the works of Plato.
Crates_of_Thebes	Crates of Thebes	Q317947	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crates_of_Thebes	centuries BC		Crates of Thebes was a Greek Cynic philosopher, the principal pupil of Diogenes of Sinope and the husband of Hipparchia of Maroneia who lived in the same manner as he.
Cratylus	Cratylus	Q125247	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cratylus	centuries BC		Cratylus was an ancient Athenian philosopher from the mid-late 5th century BC, known mostly through his portrayal in Plato's dialogue Cratylus.
Curt_John_Ducasse	Curt John Ducasse	Q1134374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curt_John_Ducasse	19th century		Curt John Ducasse was a French-born American philosopher who taught at the University of Washington and Brown University.
Cyril_of_Alexandria	Cyril of Alexandria	Q44079	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria	1st through 10th centuries		Cyril of Alexandria was a Christian theologian and Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444.
D._V._Gundappa	D. V. Gundappa	Q5203844	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._V._Gundappa	19th century		Devanahalli Venkataramanaiah Gundappa, popularly known as DVG, was an Indian writer, poet and philosopher in Kannada-language.
Dai_Zhen	Dai Zhen	Q714369	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Zhen	18th century		Dai Zhen, courtesy name Shenxiu, art name Dongyuan, was a Chinese philosopher of the Qing dynasty.
Damaris_Cudworth_Masham	Damaris Cudworth Masham	Q2332520	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaris_Cudworth_Masham	17th century		Damaris Cudworth, Lady Masham was an English writer, philosopher, theologian, and advocate for women's education who is often characterized as a proto-feminist.
Damascius	Damascius	Q315360	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascius	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Damascius was the last scholarch of the Neoplatonic Athenian school.
Dandamis	Dandamis	Q5215660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandamis	centuries BC		Dandamis was a philosopher, swami and gymnosophist whom Alexander encountered in the woods near Taxila, when he invaded India in 4th century B.C.
Daniel_Raymond	Daniel Raymond	Q5218548	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Raymond	18th century		Daniel Raymond was an early political economist in the United States whose influence shaped the American school of political economy.
Dante_Alighieri	Dante Alighieri	Q1067	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri	11th through 14th centuries		Dante Alighieri, widely known mononymously as Dante, was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher.
David_Baumgardt	David Baumgardt	Q18162731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Baumgardt	19th century		David Baumgardt was an early 20th-century German Jewish philosopher in the field of philosophical history.
David_Brewster	David Brewster	Q168468	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brewster	18th century		Sir David Brewster was a British scientist, inventor, author, and academic administrator.
David_Fordyce	David Fordyce	Q3017907	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Fordyce	18th century		David Fordyce was a Scottish philosopher, a contributor to the Scottish Enlightenment.
David_Hartley_(philosopher)	David Hartley (philosopher)	Q379902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hartley_(philosopher)	18th century		David Hartley was an English philosopher and founder of the Associationist school of psychology.
David_Hilbert	David Hilbert	Q41585	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hilbert	19th century	logicians	David Hilbert was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of all time.
David_Hume	David Hume	Q37160	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume	18th century	aestheticians, epistemologists, ethicists, social and political philosophers	David Hume was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist and essayist who is known for his highly influential system of empiricism, philosophical scepticism and metaphysical naturalism.
David_Ramsay_Hay	David Ramsay Hay	Q5234828	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ramsay_Hay	18th century		David Ramsay Hay was a Scottish artist, interior decorator and colour theorist.
David_Ricardo	David Ricardo	Q160270	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ricardo	18th century		David Ricardo was a British economist and politician.
David_Strauss	David Strauss	Q57219	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Strauss	19th century	ethicists	David Friedrich Strauss was a German liberal Protestant theologian and writer who influenced Christian Europe with his portrayal of the "historical Jesus", whose divine nature he explored via myth.
David_ibn_Merwan_al-Mukkamas	David ibn Merwan al-Mukkamas	Q1177397	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_ibn_Merwan_al-Mukkamas	1st through 10th centuries		David Abu Sulayman ibn Marwan al-Muqqamaṣ al-Raqqi was a philosopher and controversialist, the author of an early Jewish philosophical work of the Middle Ages.
David_of_Dinant	David of Dinant	Q1244262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_of_Dinant	11th through 14th centuries		David of Dinant was a pantheistic philosopher.
David_the_Invincible	David the Invincible	Q1173486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_the_Invincible	1st through 10th centuries		David the Invincible or David the Philosopher was a Neoplatonic philosopher of the 6th century.
Dawud_al-Zahiri	Dawud al-Zahiri	Q3196955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawud_al-Zahiri	1st through 10th centuries		Dāwūd ibn ʿAlī ibn Khalaf al-Ẓāhirī was a Persian Sunnī Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian during the Islamic Golden Age, specialized in the study of Islamic law and the fields of hermeneutics, biographical evaluation, and historiography of early Islam.
Debendranath_Tagore	Debendranath Tagore	Q3020852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore	19th century		Debendranath Tagore was an Indian philosopher and religious reformer, active in the Brahmo Samaj.
Demetrius_the_Cynic	Demetrius the Cynic	Q742345	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_the_Cynic	1st through 10th centuries		Demetrius, a Cynic philosopher from Corinth, who lived in Rome during the reigns of Caligula, Nero and Vespasian.
Democritus	Democritus	Q41980	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democritus	centuries BC	epistemologists, metaphysicians, social and political philosophers	Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe.
Deng_Xi	Deng Xi	Q2495593	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng_Xi	centuries BC		Deng Xi was a Chinese philosopher and rhetorician associated with the School of Names.
Denis_Diderot	Denis Diderot	Q448	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Diderot	18th century		Denis Diderot (; French: [dəni didʁo]; 5 October 1713 – 31 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.
Denis_the_Carthusian	Denis the Carthusian	Q690346	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_the_Carthusian	15th and 16th centuries		Denis the Carthusian, also known as Denys van Leeuwen, Denis Ryckel, Dionysius van Rijkel, Dionysius Carthusianus, Denys le Chartreux, was a Roman Catholic theologian and mystic.
Dharmakirti	Dharmakirti	Q457990	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmakirti	1st through 10th centuries	logicians	Dharmakīrti was an influential Indian Buddhist philosopher who worked at Nālandā.
Diagoras_of_Melos	Diagoras of Melos	Q353264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagoras_of_Melos	centuries BC		Diagoras of Melos or Diagoras "the Atheist" was a Greek poet and sophist of the 5th century BC.
Dietrich_von_Hildebrand	Dietrich von Hildebrand	Q14678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand	19th century		Dietrich Richard Alfred von Hildebrand was a German Catholic philosopher and religious writer.
Dignāga	Dignāga	Q558272	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dign%C4%81ga	1st through 10th centuries		Dignāga was an Indian Buddhist philosopher and logician.
Dimitri_Uznadze	Dimitri Uznadze	Q1225942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitri_Uznadze	19th century		Dimitri Uznadze was a Georgian psychologist and professor of psychology, co-founder of the Tbilisi State University and of the Georgian Academy of Sciences.
Dimitrije_Mitrinović	Dimitrije Mitrinović	Q5277559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrije_Mitrinovi%C4%87	19th century		Dimitrije "Mita" Mitrinović was a Serbian philosopher, poet, revolutionary, mystic, theoretician of modern painting and traveler.
Diodorus_Cronus	Diodorus Cronus	Q715478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus_Cronus	centuries BC	logicians	Diodorus Cronus was an Ancient Greek philosopher and dialectician connected to the Megarian school.
Diogenes	Diogenes	Q59180	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogenes	centuries BC		Diogenes the Cynic, also known as Diogenes of Sinope, was an ancient Greek philosopher during the period of Classical Greece, and one of the founders of Cynicism.
Diogenes_Laertius	Diogenes Laertius	Q59138	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogenes_Laertius	1st through 10th centuries		Diogenes Laërtius was a biographer of the Greek philosophers.
Diogenes_of_Apollonia	Diogenes of Apollonia	Q191964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogenes_of_Apollonia	centuries BC		Diogenes of Apollonia was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, and was a native of the Milesian colony Apollonia in Thrace.
Diogenes_of_Oenoanda	Diogenes of Oenoanda	Q59137	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogenes_of_Oenoanda	1st through 10th centuries		Diogenes of Oenoanda was an Epicurean Greek from the 2nd century AD who carved a summary of the philosophy of Epicurus onto a portico wall in the ancient Greek city of Oenoanda in Lycia.
Dirghatamas	Dirghatamas	Q5280750	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirghatamas	centuries BC		Dirghatamas was an ancient Indian sage well known for his philosophical verses in the Rigveda.
Dnyaneshwar	Dnyaneshwar	Q1033695	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnyaneshwar	11th through 14th centuries		Sant Dnyaneshwar,, also referred to as Jñāneśvara, Jñānadeva, Dnyandev or Mauli or Dnyandev Vitthal Kulkarni (1275–1296), was a 13th-century Indian Marathi saint, poet, philosopher and yogi of the Nath and Varkari tradition.
Domingo_Báñez	Domingo Báñez	Q934185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domingo_B%C3%A1%C3%B1ez	15th and 16th centuries	metaphysicians	Domingo Báñez was a Spanish Dominican and Scholastic theologian.
Domingo_de_Soto	Domingo de Soto	Q1237514	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domingo_de_Soto	15th and 16th centuries		Domingo de Soto was a Spanish Dominican priest and Scholastic theologian and naturalist born in Segovia, and died in Salamanca, at the age of 66.
Dominicus_Gundissalinus	Dominicus Gundissalinus	Q1237726	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicus_Gundissalinus	11th through 14th centuries		Dominicus Gundissalinus, also known as Domingo Gundisalvi or Gundisalvo, was a philosopher and translator of Arabic to Medieval Latin active in Toledo, Spain.
Dong_Zhongshu	Dong Zhongshu	Q445626	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Zhongshu	centuries BC	social and political philosophers	Dong Zhongshu was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer of the Han dynasty.
Dorothy_Maud_Wrinch	Dorothy Maud Wrinch	Q662543	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Maud_Wrinch	19th century		Dorothy Maud Wrinch was a mathematician and biochemical theorist best known for her attempt to deduce protein structure using mathematical principles.
Dugald_Stewart	Dugald Stewart	Q218254	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugald_Stewart	18th century	ethicists	Dugald Stewart was a Scottish philosopher and mathematician.
Dunash_ibn_Tamim	Dunash ibn Tamim	Q357940	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunash_ibn_Tamim	1st through 10th centuries		Dunash ibn Tamim was a Jewish tenth century scholar, and a pioneer of scientific study among Arabic-speaking Jews.
Duns_Scotus	Duns Scotus	Q190089	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duns_Scotus	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	John Duns Scotus was a Scottish Catholic priest and Franciscan friar, university professor, philosopher and theologian.
Durandus_of_Saint-Pourçain	Durandus of Saint-Pourçain	Q1266754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durandus_of_Saint-Pour%C3%A7ain	11th through 14th centuries		Durandus of Saint-Pourçain was a French Dominican, philosopher, theologian, and bishop.
Désiré-Joseph_Mercier	Désiré-Joseph Mercier	Q468097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9-Joseph_Mercier	19th century		Désiré Félicien François Joseph Mercier was a Belgian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Mechelen from 1906 until his death in 1926.
Dōgen	Dōgen	Q318064	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen	11th through 14th centuries		Dōgen Zenji was a Japanese Zen Buddhist monk, writer, poet, philosopher, and founder of the Sōtō school of Zen in Japan.
Edgar_S._Brightman	Edgar S. Brightman	Q4095758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_S._Brightman	19th century		Edgar Sheffield Brightman was an American philosopher and Christian theologian in the Methodist tradition, associated with Boston University and liberal theology, and promulgated the philosophy known as Boston personalism.
Edith_Stein	Edith Stein	Q76749	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Stein	19th century	metaphysicians	Edith Stein was a German philosopher who converted to Catholicism and became a Discalced Carmelite nun.
Edmund_Burke	Edmund Burke	Q165792	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Burke	18th century	aestheticians, social and political philosophers	Edmund Burke was an Anglo-Irish writer, philosopher, and politician who is widely credited as the founder of the cultural and political philosophy of conservatism.
Edmund_Gurney	Edmund Gurney	Q5339517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Gurney	19th century		Edmund Gurney was an English psychologist and parapsychologist.
Edmund_Husserl	Edmund Husserl	Q58586	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Husserl	19th century		Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl was an Austrian and German philosopher and mathematician who established the school of phenomenology.
Eduard_Bernstein	Eduard Bernstein	Q75786	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein	19th century		Eduard Bernstein was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist.
Eduard_Hanslick	Eduard Hanslick	Q84246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Hanslick	19th century	aestheticians	Eduard Hanslick was an Austrian music critic, aesthetician and historian.
Eduard_Zeller	Eduard Zeller	Q61862	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Zeller	19th century		Eduard Gottlob Zeller was a German philosopher and Protestant theologian of the Tübingen School of theology.
Eduard_von_Hartmann	Eduard von Hartmann	Q77057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_von_Hartmann	19th century		Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann was a German philosopher, independent scholar, and writer.
Edvard_Westermarck	Edvard Westermarck	Q722835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Westermarck	19th century		Edvard Alexander Westermarck was a Finnish social anthropologist, sociologist and philosopher.
Edward_Caird	Edward Caird	Q1247054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Caird	19th century		Edward Caird was a Scottish philosopher. He was a holder of LLD, DCL, and DLitt.
Edward_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury	Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury	Q713004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury	15th and 16th centuries		Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury KB was an English soldier, diplomat, historian, poet and religious philosopher.
Edward_Stillingfleet	Edward Stillingfleet	Q4216692	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Stillingfleet	17th century		Edward Stillingfleet was an English Christian theologian and scholar.
Ehrenfried_Walther_von_Tschirnhaus	Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus	Q77288	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehrenfried_Walther_von_Tschirnhaus	17th century		Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus or Tschirnhauß was a German mathematician, physicist, physician, and philosopher.
Elbert_Hubbard	Elbert Hubbard	Q734329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbert_Hubbard	19th century		Elbert Green Hubbard was an American writer, publisher, artist, and philosopher.
Elia_del_Medigo	Elia del Medigo	Q463405	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elia_del_Medigo	15th and 16th centuries		Elia del Medigo was also called Elijah Delmedigo or Elias ben Moise del Medigo and was sometimes known to his contemporaries as Helias Hebreus Cretensis or in Hebrew Elijah Mi-Qandia .
Elias_(Greek_scholar)	Elias (Greek scholar)	Q974885	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_(Greek_scholar)	1st through 10th centuries		Elias was a Greek scholar and a commentator on Aristotle and Porphyry.
Elisabeth_of_the_Palatinate	Elisabeth of the Palatinate	Q61389	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_the_Palatinate	17th century		Elisabeth of the Palatinate, also known as Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Elisabeth of the Palatinate, or Princess-Abbess of Herford Abbey, was the eldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth Stuart.
Ellopion_of_Peparethus	Ellopion of Peparethus	Q3559281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellopion_of_Peparethus	centuries BC		Ellopion of Peparethus was a Socratic philosopher and contemporary of Plato, who is mentioned only by Plutarch.
Emanuel_Swedenborg	Emanuel Swedenborg	Q185832	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg	17th century		Emanuel Swedenborg was a Swedish polymath; a scientist, engineer, astronomer, anatomist, Christian theologian, philosopher, and mystic.
Emer_de_Vattel	Emer de Vattel	Q122386	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emer_de_Vattel	18th century		Emmerich de Vattel was a philosopher, diplomat, and jurist.
Emil_Brunner	Emil Brunner	Q116621	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Brunner	19th century		Heinrich Emil Brunner was a Swiss Reformed theologian.
Emil_Leon_Post	Emil Leon Post	Q351366	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Leon_Post	19th century	logicians	Emil Leon Post was an American mathematician and logician.
Emil_du_Bois-Reymond	Emil du Bois-Reymond	Q76571	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_du_Bois-Reymond	19th century		Emil Heinrich du Bois-Reymond was a German physiologist, the co-discoverer of nerve action potential, and the developer of experimental electrophysiology.
Empedocles	Empedocles	Q83375	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empedocles	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Empedocles was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and a native citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily.
Epicharmus_of_Cos	Epicharmus of Cos	Q312410	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicharmus_of_Cos	centuries BC		Epicharmus of Cos, thought to have lived between c.
Epictetus	Epictetus	Q183144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epictetus	1st through 10th centuries		Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was born into slavery at Hierapolis, Phrygia and lived in Rome until his banishment, after which he spent the rest of his life in Nicopolis in northwestern Greece.
Epicurus	Epicurus	Q43216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicurus	centuries BC	epistemologists, ethicists	Epicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded the philosophical school of Epicureanism, which teaches that management of one's desires, removal of unnecessary fears, friendship, and virtuous living lead to a pleasant life and constant happiness, the highest good.
Epimenides	Epimenides	Q319406	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epimenides	centuries BC		Epimenides of Crete was a semi-mythical 7th- or 6th-century BC Greek seer and philosopher-poet, from Knossos or Phaistos.
Erasmus	Erasmus	Q43499	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus	15th and 16th centuries		Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch humanist, theologian, and philosopher.
Eric_Hoffer	Eric Hoffer	Q588692	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Hoffer	19th century		Eric Hoffer was an American philosopher and social critic.
Ernest_Fenollosa	Ernest Fenollosa	Q933253	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Fenollosa	19th century		Ernest Francisco Fenollosa was an American art historian of Japanese art, professor of philosophy and political economy at Tokyo Imperial University.
Ernst_Bloch	Ernst Bloch	Q57240	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Bloch	19th century		Ernst Simon Bloch was a German Marxist philosopher.
Ernst_Cassirer	Ernst Cassirer	Q57188	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer	19th century		Ernst Alfred Cassirer was a German philosopher and historian of philosophy.
Ernst_Haeckel	Ernst Haeckel	Q48246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel	19th century		Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist.
Ernst_Jünger	Ernst Jünger	Q76727	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger	19th century	social and political philosophers	Ernst Jünger was a German author, soldier, philosopher, and entomologist who became publicly known for his World War I memoir Storm of Steel.
Ernst_Mach	Ernst Mach	Q93996	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Mach	19th century		Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach was an Austrian physicist and philosopher who contributed to the understanding of the physics of shock waves.
Ernst_Mally	Ernst Mally	Q90003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Mally	19th century		Ernst Mally was an Austrian analytic philosopher, initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory.
Ernst_Troeltsch	Ernst Troeltsch	Q60285	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Troeltsch	19th century		Ernst Peter Wilhelm Troeltsch was a German liberal Protestant theologian, a writer on the philosophy of religion and the philosophy of history, and a classical liberal politician.
Ernst_Zermelo	Ernst Zermelo	Q57248	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Zermelo	19th century	logicians	Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo was a German logician and mathematician, whose work has major implications for the foundations of mathematics.
Erwin_Rohde	Erwin Rohde	Q65486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Rohde	19th century		Erwin Rohde was one of the great German classical scholars of the 19th century.
Erwin_Schrödinger	Erwin Schrödinger	Q9130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger	19th century		Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger, sometimes anglicised as Schroedinger or Schrodinger, was an Austrian theoretical physicist who developed fundamental results in quantum theory.
Eubulides	Eubulides	Q461007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubulides	centuries BC		Eubulides of Miletus was a philosopher of the Megarian school who is famous for his paradoxes.
Euclid	Euclid	Q8747	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid	centuries BC		Euclid was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician.
Euclid_of_Megara	Euclid of Megara	Q312682	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid_of_Megara	centuries BC		Euclid of Megara was a Greek Socratic philosopher who founded the Megarian school of philosophy.
Eudoxus_of_Cnidus	Eudoxus of Cnidus	Q185150	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cnidus	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Eudoxus of Cnidus was an ancient Greek astronomer, mathematician, doctor, and lawmaker.
Eugen_Dühring	Eugen Dühring	Q76583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_D%C3%BChring	19th century		Karl Eugen Dühring was a German philosopher, economist, and socialist.
Eusebius	Eusebius	Q142999	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius	1st through 10th centuries		Eusebius of Caesarea, also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina.
F._C._S._Schiller	F. C. S. Schiller	Q819293	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._C._S._Schiller	19th century	epistemologists	Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller, usually cited as F.
F._H._Bradley	F. H. Bradley	Q350236	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._H._Bradley	19th century		Francis Herbert Bradley was a British idealist philosopher.
Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi	Fakhr al-Din al-Razi	Q333703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi	11th through 14th centuries		Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī or Fakhruddin Razi, often known by the sobriquet Sultan of the Theologians, was an Islamic polymath, scientist, one of the pioneers of inductive logic and author of Tafsir al-Kabir.
Favorinus	Favorinus	Q554387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favorinus	1st through 10th centuries		Favorinus of Arelate was a Roman sophist and skeptic philosopher who flourished during the reign of Hadrian and the Second Sophistic.
Fazang	Fazang	Q1349949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazang	1st through 10th centuries		Fazang was a Sogdian-Chinese Buddhist scholar, translator, and religious leader of the Tang dynasty.
Feliks_Koneczny	Feliks Koneczny	Q3846426	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feliks_Koneczny	19th century		Feliks Karol Koneczny was a Polish historian, theatrical critic, librarian, journalist and social philosopher.
Felix_Weltsch	Felix Weltsch	Q85937	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Weltsch	19th century		Felix Weltsch was a German-speaking Jewish librarian, philosopher, author, editor, publisher and journalist.
Feng_Youlan	Feng Youlan	Q557220	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_Youlan	19th century		Feng Youlan was a Chinese philosopher, historian, and writer who was instrumental for reintroducing the study of Chinese philosophy in the modern era.
Ferdinand_Lassalle	Ferdinand Lassalle	Q75784	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle	19th century		Ferdinand Johann Gottlieb Lassalle was a German jurist, philosopher, and socialist activist.
Ferdinand_de_Saussure	Ferdinand de Saussure	Q13230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure	19th century	social and political philosophers	Ferdinand Mongin de Saussure was a Swiss linguist, semiotician and philosopher.
Firmin_Abauzit	Firmin Abauzit	Q688658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmin_Abauzit	17th century		Firmin Abauzit was a French scholar who worked on physics, theology and philosophy, and served as librarian in Geneva during his final 40 years.
Florian_Znaniecki	Florian Znaniecki	Q599197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florian_Znaniecki	19th century		Florian Witold Znaniecki was a Polish-born American philosopher and sociologist who taught and wrote in Poland and in the United States.
Francesco_Algarotti	Francesco Algarotti	Q439081	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Algarotti	18th century		Count Francesco Algarotti was an Italian polymath, active as a philosopher, writer, anglophile, art critic and art collector.
Francesco_Silvestri_(theologian)	Francesco Silvestri (theologian)	Q5479589	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Silvestri_(theologian)	15th and 16th centuries		Francesco Silvestri da Ferrara was an Italian Dominican theologian.
Francesco_de_Sanctis	Francesco de Sanctis	Q471523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_de_Sanctis	19th century		Francesco de Sanctis was an Italian literary critic, scholar and politician, leading critic and historian of Italian language and literature during the 19th century.
Francis_Bacon	Francis Bacon	Q37388	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon	15th and 16th centuries		Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I.
Francis_Haywood	Francis Haywood	Q5481260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Haywood	18th century		Francis Haywood was an English merchant and translator, the first person to translate Kant's Critique of Pure Reason into English.
Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher)	Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)	Q316367	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher)	17th century	aestheticians, ethicists	Francis Hutcheson was an Irish philosopher widely regarded as one of the key figures of the early Scottish Enlightenment.
Francis_of_Assisi	Francis of Assisi	Q676555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi	11th through 14th centuries		Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, known as Francis of Assisi, was an Italian mystic, poet and Catholic friar who founded the religious order of the Franciscans.
Francis_of_Marchia	Francis of Marchia	Q5482931	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_of_Marchia	11th through 14th centuries		Francis of Marchia was an Italian Franciscan theologian and philosopher.
Francis_of_Meyronnes	Francis of Meyronnes	Q1995114	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_of_Meyronnes	11th through 14th centuries		Francis of Meyronnes was a French scholastic philosopher.
Francisco_Romero_(philosopher)	Francisco Romero (philosopher)	Q5483895	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Romero_(philosopher)	19th century		Francisco Romero was a Latin American philosopher who spearheaded a reaction against positivism.
Francisco_Sanches	Francisco Sanches	Q973196	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Sanches	15th and 16th centuries		Francisco Sanches was a Hispano-Portuguese skeptic, philosopher and physician of Sephardi Jewish origin, born possibly in Tui, Spain or probably in Braga, Portugal.
Francisco_Suárez	Francisco Suárez	Q316339	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez	15th and 16th centuries	epistemologists, metaphysicians	Francisco Suárez was a Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher and theologian, one of the leading figures of the School of Salamanca movement.
Francisco_de_Toledo_(Jesuit)	Francisco de Toledo (Jesuit)	Q1379453	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Toledo_(Jesuit)	15th and 16th centuries		Francisco de Toledo (4 October 1532 in Cordoba – 14 September 1596 in Rome) was a Spanish Jesuit priest and theologian, Biblical exegete and professor at the Roman College.
Francisco_de_Vitoria	Francisco de Vitoria	Q312384	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria	15th and 16th centuries	ethicists	Francisco de Vitoria, also known as Francisco de Victoria, was a Spanish Catholic philosopher, theologian, and jurist of Renaissance Spain.
Franciscus_Mercurius_van_Helmont	Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont	Q445918	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Mercurius_van_Helmont	17th century		Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont was a Flemish alchemist and writer, the son of Jan Baptist van Helmont.
Franciscus_Patricius	Franciscus Patricius	Q435300	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Patricius	15th and 16th centuries		Franciscus Patricius was a philosopher and scientist from the Republic of Venice.
Franciszek_Fiszer	Franciszek Fiszer	Q5484274	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciszek_Fiszer	19th century		Franciszek Fiszer was a Polish metaphysician and alchemist, a friend of the most notable writers and philosophers of contemporary Warsaw and one of Warsaw's semi-legendary people.
Franklin_Merrell-Wolff	Franklin Merrell-Wolff	Q15506074	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Merrell-Wolff	19th century		Franklin Merrell-Wolff was an American mystic and esoteric philosopher.
Franz_Brentano	Franz Brentano	Q57196	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Brentano	19th century	metaphysicians	Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann Josef Brentano was a German philosopher and psychologist.
Franz_Rosenzweig	Franz Rosenzweig	Q76710	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Rosenzweig	19th century		Franz Rosenzweig was a German theologian, philosopher, and translator.
Franz_Xaver_von_Baader	Franz Xaver von Baader	Q76512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Xaver_von_Baader	18th century	ethicists	Benedict Franz von Baader, born Benedikt Franz Xaver Baader, was a Catholic theologian, philosopher, and mining engineer from Germany.
François_Bernier	François Bernier	Q375438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bernier	17th century		François Bernier was a French physician and traveller.
François_Fénelon	François Fénelon	Q310002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon	17th century		François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, P.S.S., more commonly known as François Fénelon, was a French Catholic archbishop, theologian, poet and writer.
François_Rabelais	François Rabelais	Q131018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais	15th and 16th centuries		François Rabelais was a French writer who has been called the first great French prose author.
Frederick_Robert_Tennant	Frederick Robert Tennant	Q17156028	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Robert_Tennant	19th century		Frederick Robert Tennant, best known as F.
Fridugisus	Fridugisus	Q517177	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridugisus	1st through 10th centuries		Fridugisus, also known as Fredegisus or Fredegis of Tours, was a monk, teacher, and writer.
Friedrich_Adolf_Trendelenburg	Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg	Q61280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Adolf_Trendelenburg	19th century	logicians	Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg was a German philosopher and philologist.
Friedrich_Albert_Lange	Friedrich Albert Lange	Q61674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Albert_Lange	19th century		Friedrich Albert Lange was a German philosopher and sociologist.
Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny	Friedrich Carl von Savigny	Q76892	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny	18th century		Friedrich Carl von Savigny was a German jurist and legal historian.
Friedrich_Eduard_Beneke	Friedrich Eduard Beneke	Q77498	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Eduard_Beneke	18th century	ethicists	Friedrich Eduard Beneke was a German psychologist and post-Kantian philosopher.
Friedrich_Engels	Friedrich Engels	Q34787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Engels	19th century	social and political philosophers	Friedrich Engels ( ENG-əlz; German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɛŋl̩s]; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, social and political theorist, and revolutionary socialist.
Friedrich_Harms	Friedrich Harms	Q91156	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Harms	19th century		Friedrich Harms was a German realist philosopher, much influenced by Fichte.
Friedrich_Hayek	Friedrich Hayek	Q1325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek	19th century	social and political philosophers	Friedrich August von Hayek was an Austrian economist and philosopher.
Friedrich_Heinrich_Jacobi	Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi	Q168004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Heinrich_Jacobi	18th century	metaphysicians	Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi was a German philosopher, writer and socialite.
Friedrich_Hölderlin	Friedrich Hölderlin	Q75889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin	18th century		Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin was a German poet and philosopher.
Friedrich_Meinecke	Friedrich Meinecke	Q66147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Meinecke	19th century		Friedrich Meinecke was a German historian with national liberal and antisemitic views who supported the Nazi invasion of Poland.
Friedrich_Nietzsche	Friedrich Nietzsche	Q9358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche	19th century	aestheticians, ethicists, social and political philosophers	Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher and writer who started his career as a classical philologist and turned to philosophy early in his academic career.
Friedrich_Schiller	Friedrich Schiller	Q22670	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller	18th century	aestheticians, ethicists	Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller was a German playwright, poet, philosopher and historian.
Friedrich_Schlegel	Friedrich Schlegel	Q157271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel	18th century		Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel was a German literary critic, philosopher, and Indologist.
Friedrich_Schleiermacher	Friedrich Schleiermacher	Q76576	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher	18th century	epistemologists, social and political philosophers	Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher was a German Reformed theologian, pastor, philosopher, and biblical scholar known for his attempt to reconcile the criticisms of the Enlightenment with traditional Protestant Christianity.
Friedrich_Waismann	Friedrich Waismann	Q93826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Waismann	19th century		Friedrich Waismann was an Austrian mathematician, physicist, and philosopher.
Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling	Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling	Q60070	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling	18th century		Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling was a German philosopher.
Fritz_Mauthner	Fritz Mauthner	Q15953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Mauthner	19th century		Fritz Mauthner was an Austrian philosopher and author of novels, satires, reviews and journalistic works.
Fujiwara_Seika	Fujiwara Seika	Q655390	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujiwara_Seika	15th and 16th centuries		Fujiwara Seika was a Japanese Neo-Confucian philosopher and writer during the Edo period.
Fulbert_of_Chartres	Fulbert of Chartres	Q529302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulbert_of_Chartres	1st through 10th centuries		Fulbert of Chartres was the Bishop of Chartres from 1006 to 1028 and a teacher at the Cathedral school there.
Fyodor_Dostoevsky	Fyodor Dostoevsky	Q991	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky	19th century		Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was a Russian philosopher, novelist, short-story writer, essayist and journalist.
Félicité_de_La_Mennais	Félicité de La Mennais	Q334973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais	18th century		Félicité Robert de La Mennais was a French Catholic priest, philosopher and political theorist.
Félix_Ravaisson-Mollien	Félix Ravaisson-Mollien	Q1479519	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Ravaisson-Mollien	19th century		Jean Gaspard Félix Lacher Ravaisson-Mollien was a French philosopher, 'perhaps France's most influential philosopher in the second half of the nineteenth century'.
G._E._Moore	G. E. Moore	Q295386	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._Moore	19th century	ethicists, metaphysicians	George Edward Moore was an English philosopher who, alongside Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and earlier Gottlob Frege, was an initiator of analytic philosophy.
Gabriel_Biel	Gabriel Biel	Q61369	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Biel	15th and 16th centuries		Gabriel Biel was a German scholastic philosopher and member of the Canons Regular of the Congregation of Windesheim, who were the clerical counterpart to the Brethren of the Common Life.
Gabriel_Bonnot_de_Mably	Gabriel Bonnot de Mably	Q202555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Bonnot_de_Mably	18th century		Gabriel Bonnot de Mably, sometimes known as Abbé de Mably, was a French philosopher, historian, and writer, who for a short time served in the diplomatic corps.
Gabriel_Marcel	Gabriel Marcel	Q154145	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel	19th century		Gabriel Honoré Marcel was a French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist.
Gabriel_Vásquez	Gabriel Vásquez	Q352513	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_V%C3%A1squez	15th and 16th centuries		Gabriel Vásquez, known as Bellomontanus, was a Spanish theologian, Jesuit priest, and scholastic philosopher.
Gabrielle_Suchon	Gabrielle Suchon	Q3094147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielle_Suchon	17th century		Gabrielle Suchon was a French moral philosopher who participated in debates about the social, political and religious condition of women in the early modern era.
Gaetano_Mosca	Gaetano Mosca	Q351527	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Mosca	19th century	social and political philosophers	Gaetano Mosca was an Italian political scientist, journalist and public servant.
Gaius_Blossius	Gaius Blossius	Q857017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Blossius	centuries BC		Gaius Blossius was, according to Plutarch, a philosopher and student of the Stoic philosopher Antipater of Tarsus, from the city of Cumae in Campania, Italy, who instigated Roman tribune Tiberius Gracchus to pursue a land reform movement on behalf of the plebs.
Gaius_Marius_Victorinus	Gaius Marius Victorinus	Q708247	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Marius_Victorinus	1st through 10th centuries		Gaius Marius Victorinus was a Roman grammarian, rhetorician and Neoplatonic philosopher.
Gaius_Musonius_Rufus	Gaius Musonius Rufus	Q381874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Musonius_Rufus	1st through 10th centuries		Gaius Musonius Rufus was a Roman Stoic philosopher of the 1st century AD.
Galen	Galen	Q8778	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galen	1st through 10th centuries		Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus, often anglicized as Galen or Galen of Pergamon, was a Roman and Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher.
Galileo_Galilei	Galileo Galilei	Q307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei	15th and 16th centuries		Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei, commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or mononymously as Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer and polymath.
Galvano_Della_Volpe	Galvano Della Volpe	Q786572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvano_Della_Volpe	19th century		Galvano Della Volpe was an Italian professor of philosophy and Marxist theorist.
Gaozi	Gaozi	Q898091	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaozi	centuries BC		Gaozi, or Gao Buhai, was a Chinese philosopher during the Warring States period.
Gaston_Bachelard	Gaston Bachelard	Q270800	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Bachelard	19th century		Gaston Louis Pierre Bachelard was a French philosopher.
Gaudapada	Gaudapada	Q1771062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudapada	1st through 10th centuries		Gauḍapāda, also referred as Gauḍapādācārya, was an early medieval era Hindu philosopher and scholar of the Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy.
Gaṅgeśa	Gaṅgeśa	Q3635187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%E1%B9%85ge%C5%9Ba	11th through 14th centuries		Gaṅgeśa was an Indian philosopher, logician and mathematician from the kingdom of Mithila.
Ge_Hong	Ge Hong	Q553678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge_Hong	1st through 10th centuries		Ge Hong, courtesy name Zhichuan, was a Chinese linguist, philosopher, physician, politician, and writer during the Eastern Jin dynasty.
Geminus	Geminus	Q379987	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geminus	centuries BC		Geminus of Rhodes was a Greek astronomer and mathematician, who flourished in the 1st century BC.
Gemistos_Plethon	Gemistos Plethon	Q220313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon	11th through 14th centuries		Georgios Gemistos Plethon, commonly known as Gemistos Plethon, was a Greek scholar and one of the most renowned philosophers of the Late Byzantine era.
Gennadius_Scholarius	Gennadius Scholarius	Q381211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennadius_Scholarius	11th through 14th centuries		Gennadius II of Constantinople was a Byzantine philosopher and theologian, and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1454 to 1465.
Georg_Anton_Friedrich_Ast	Georg Anton Friedrich Ast	Q77636	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Anton_Friedrich_Ast	18th century	aestheticians	Georg Anton Friedrich Ast was a German philosopher and philologist.
Georg_Cantor	Georg Cantor	Q76420	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Cantor	19th century	logicians	Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor was a mathematician who played a pivotal role in the creation of set theory, which has become a fundamental theory in mathematics.
Georg_Christoph_Lichtenberg	Georg Christoph Lichtenberg	Q57554	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Christoph_Lichtenberg	18th century		Georg Christoph Lichtenberg was a German physicist, satirist, and Anglophile.
Georg_Mehlis	Georg Mehlis	Q5535757	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Mehlis	19th century		Georg Mehlis was a German neo-Kantian philosopher.
Georg_Simmel	Georg Simmel	Q76849	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simmel	19th century	ethicists	Georg Simmel was a German sociologist, philosopher, and critic.
Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel	Q9235	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel	18th century	aestheticians, logicians, social and political philosophers	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and a major figure in the tradition of German idealism.
George_Berkeley	George Berkeley	Q82049	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Berkeley	17th century	epistemologists, metaphysicians	George Berkeley, known as Bishop Berkeley, was an Anglo-Irish philosopher, writer, and clergyman who is regarded as the founder of immaterialism, a philosophical theory he developed which later came to be known as subjective idealism.
George_Boas	George Boas	Q5537065	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Boas	19th century		George Boas was an American professor of philosophy at Johns Hopkins University.
George_Boole	George Boole	Q134661	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Boole	19th century	ethicists, logicians	George Boole was an English mathematician and philosopher often credited with revolutionizing logic by transforming it from a philosophical study of language into a mathematical system of algebraic equations using binary values and logical operators.
George_Croom_Robertson	George Croom Robertson	Q983704	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Croom_Robertson	19th century	ethicists	George Croom Robertson was a Scottish philosopher.
George_Eliot	George Eliot	Q131333	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Eliot	19th century		Mary Ann Evans, known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, poet, journalist, translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era.
George_Grote	George Grote	Q1364848	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grote	18th century		George Grote was an English political radical and classical historian.
George_Gurdjieff	George Gurdjieff	Q217771	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gurdjieff	19th century		George Ivanovich Gurdjieff was a philosopher, mystic, spiritual teacher, composer, and movements teacher.
George_Henry_Lewes	George Henry Lewes	Q1275943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Henry_Lewes	19th century		George Henry Lewes was an English philosopher and critic of literature and theatre.
George_Herbert_Mead	George Herbert Mead	Q295978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Herbert_Mead	19th century		George Herbert Mead was an American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago.
George_Ohsawa	George Ohsawa	Q561917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ohsawa	19th century		George Ohsawa (born Nyoichi Sakurazawa; October 18, 1893 – April 23, 1966) was a Japanese author and proponent of alternative medicine who was the founder of the macrobiotic diet.
George_Santayana	George Santayana	Q237833	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Santayana	19th century	aestheticians, epistemologists, social and political philosophers	George Santayana was a Spanish American philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist.
George_Stout	George Stout	Q778109	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Stout	19th century		George Frederick Stout, usually cited as G.
George_of_Trebizond	George of Trebizond	Q533514	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_of_Trebizond	11th through 14th centuries		George of Trebizond was a Byzantine Greek philosopher, scholar, and humanist.
Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_Comte_de_Buffon	Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon	Q229264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_Comte_de_Buffon	18th century		Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon was a French naturalist, mathematician, and cosmologist.
Georges_Bataille	Georges Bataille	Q207359	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bataille	19th century	aestheticians, social and political philosophers	Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille was a French writer, essayist, librarian and theorist whose work crossed the boundaries of literature, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, political economy, religious studies and art history.
Georges_Florovsky	Georges Florovsky	Q714187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Florovsky	19th century		Georges Vasilievich Florovsky was a Russian Orthodox priest, theologian, and historian.
Georges_Sorel	Georges Sorel	Q313666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Sorel	19th century		Georges Eugène Sorel was a French social thinker, political theorist, historian, and later journalist.
Georgi_Plekhanov	Georgi Plekhanov	Q182905	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov	19th century		Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov was a Russian Marxist theorist, philosopher, and revolutionary.
Gerard_of_Cremona	Gerard of Cremona	Q367240	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_of_Cremona	11th through 14th centuries		Gerard of Cremona was an Italian translator of scientific books from Arabic into Latin.
Gerardus_Odonis	Gerardus Odonis	Q5550335	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerardus_Odonis	11th through 14th centuries		Geraldus Odonis, Guiral Ot in Occitan, was a French theologian and Minister General of the Franciscan Order.
Germaine_de_Staël	Germaine de Staël	Q123041	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl	18th century		Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein, commonly known as Madame de Staël, was a prominent Genevan and French novelist, woman of letters, philosopher, and political theorist in both Parisian and Genevan intellectual circles.
Gerolamo_Cardano	Gerolamo Cardano	Q184530	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano	15th and 16th centuries		Gerolamo Cardano was an Italian polymath whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, music theorist, writer, and gambler.
Gerrard_Winstanley	Gerrard Winstanley	Q964050	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrard_Winstanley	17th century	social and political philosophers	Gerrard Winstanley was an English Protestant religious reformer, political philosopher, and activist during the period of the Commonwealth of England.
Gershom_Carmichael	Gershom Carmichael	Q1514998	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gershom_Carmichael	17th century		Gershom Carmichael was a Scottish philosopher.
Gersonides	Gersonides	Q353633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gersonides	11th through 14th centuries		Levi ben Gershon, better known by his Graecized name as Gersonides, or by his Latinized name Magister Leo Hebraeus, or in Hebrew by the abbreviation of first letters as RaLBaG, was a medieval French Jewish philosopher, Talmudist, mathematician, physician and astronomer/astrologer.
Gervase_of_Canterbury	Gervase of Canterbury	Q3104436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervase_of_Canterbury	11th through 14th centuries		Gervase of Canterbury was an English chronicler.
Ghosha	Ghosha	Q5556995	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosha	centuries BC		Ghosha was an ancient Vedic period Indian philosopher and seer.
Giacomo_Leopardi	Giacomo Leopardi	Q172599	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi	18th century		Count Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi was an Italian poet, philosopher, essayist, and philologist.
Giambattista_Vico	Giambattista Vico	Q178709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Vico	17th century	epistemologists, social and political philosophers	Giambattista Vico was an Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist during the Italian Enlightenment.
Gilbert_de_la_Porrée	Gilbert de la Porrée	Q583119	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_de_la_Porr%C3%A9e	11th through 14th centuries	logicians, metaphysicians	Gilbert de la Porrée, also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian and Bishop of Poitiers.
Giles_of_Rome	Giles of Rome	Q380647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giles_of_Rome	11th through 14th centuries	logicians, metaphysicians	Giles of Rome was an Italian medieval philosopher and Scholastic theologian and a friar of the Order of St Augustine, who was also appointed to the positions of prior general of his order and as Archbishop of Bourges.
Giordano_Bruno	Giordano Bruno	Q36330	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giordano_Bruno	15th and 16th centuries		Giordano Bruno was an Italian philosopher, Dominican friar and priest, poet, alchemist, astronomer, cosmological theorist, and esotericist.
Giovanni_Botero	Giovanni Botero	Q963339	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Botero	15th and 16th centuries		Giovanni Botero was an Italian thinker, Catholic priest, poet, and diplomat, author of Della Ragion di Stato, in ten chapters, printed in Venice in 1589, and of Universal Relations,, addressing the world geography and ethnography.
Giovanni_Gentile	Giovanni Gentile	Q312295	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile	19th century	social and political philosophers	Giovanni Gentile was an Italian pedagogue, philosopher, and politician.
Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola	Giovanni Pico della Mirandola	Q182128	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola	15th and 16th centuries		Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was an Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher.
Giuseppe_Ferrari_(philosopher)	Giuseppe Ferrari (philosopher)	Q514122	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Ferrari_(philosopher)	19th century		Giuseppe Ferrari was an Italian philosopher, historian and politician.
Giuseppe_Peano	Giuseppe Peano	Q191029	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Peano	19th century	logicians	Giuseppe Peano was an Italian mathematician and glottologist.
Godfrey_of_Fontaines	Godfrey of Fontaines	Q332288	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_of_Fontaines	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Godfrey of Fontaines, was a scholastic philosopher and theologian who was designated by the title Doctor Venerandus.
Gongsun_Long	Gongsun Long	Q1362266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gongsun_Long	centuries BC		Gongsun Long, courtesy name Zibing, was a Chinese philosopher, writer, and member of the School of Names, also known as the Logicians, of ancient Chinese philosophy.
Gorgias	Gorgias	Q179785	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgias	centuries BC		Gorgias was an ancient Greek sophist, pre-Socratic philosopher, and rhetorician who was a native of Leontinoi in Sicily.
Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz	Q9047	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz	17th century	logicians, metaphysicians, social and political philosophers	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist, and diplomat who is credited, alongside Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic and statistics.
Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing	Gotthold Ephraim Lessing	Q34628	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing	18th century	aestheticians	Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was a German philosopher, dramatist, publicist and art critic.
Gottlob_Ernst_Schulze	Gottlob Ernst Schulze	Q77381	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottlob_Ernst_Schulze	18th century		Gottlob Ernst Schulze was a German philosopher.
Gottlob_Frege	Gottlob Frege	Q60028	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottlob_Frege	19th century	logicians, metaphysicians	Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege was a German philosopher, logician, and mathematician.
Gottschalk_of_Orbais	Gottschalk of Orbais	Q676775	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottschalk_of_Orbais	1st through 10th centuries		Gottschalk of Orbais was a Saxon theologian, monk and poet.
Graves_Haughton	Graves Haughton	Q5597895	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves_Haughton	18th century		Sir Graves Chamney Haughton FRS was a British scholar of Oriental languages.
Gregor_Mendel	Gregor Mendel	Q37970	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel	19th century		Gregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian biologist, meteorologist, mathematician, Augustinian friar and abbot of St.
Gregory_Palamas	Gregory Palamas	Q243787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Palamas	11th through 14th centuries		Gregory Palamas was a Byzantine Greek theologian and Eastern Orthodox cleric of the late Byzantine period.
Gregory_of_Nyssa	Gregory of Nyssa	Q191734	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa	1st through 10th centuries		Gregory of Nyssa, also known as Gregory Nyssen, was an early Christian theologian who served as the bishop of Nyssa from 372 to 376 and from 378 until his death in 394.
Gregory_of_Rimini	Gregory of Rimini	Q540799	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_Rimini	11th through 14th centuries		Gregory of Rimini, O.E.S.A. was an Italian Augustinian friar and one of the great scholastic philosophers and theologians of the Middle Ages.
Guan_Zhong	Guan Zhong	Q457972	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guan_Zhong	centuries BC		Guan Zhong was a Chinese philosopher and politician.
Guifeng_Zongmi	Guifeng Zongmi	Q3181701	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guifeng_Zongmi	1st through 10th centuries		Guifeng Zongmi was a Tang dynasty Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar who is considered a patriarch of both the Huayan school and Chan Buddhism.
Guillaume_de_Pierre_Godin	Guillaume de Pierre Godin	Q2700151	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_de_Pierre_Godin	11th through 14th centuries		Guillaume de Pierre Godin was a French Dominican theologian and Cardinal.
Guillaume_du_Vair	Guillaume du Vair	Q1241409	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_du_Vair	15th and 16th centuries		Guillaume du Vair was a French bishop, author, lawyer, Magistrate of the Parliament and Keeper of the Seals of France under French king Louis XIII.
Guo_Xiang	Guo Xiang	Q1291953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Xiang	1st through 10th centuries		Guo Xiang is credited with the first and most important revision of the text known as the Zhuangzi which, along with the Tao Te Ching, forms the textual and philosophical basis of the Taoist school of thought.
Gustav_Fechner	Gustav Fechner	Q76881	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Fechner	19th century		Gustav Theodor Fechner was a German physicist, philosopher, and experimental psychologist.
Gustav_Radbruch	Gustav Radbruch	Q61922	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Radbruch	19th century		Gustav Radbruch was a German legal scholar and politician.
Gustav_Shpet	Gustav Shpet	Q800136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Shpet	19th century		Gustav Gustavovich Shpet was a Russian philosopher, historian of philosophy, psychologist, art theoretician, and interpreter of German and Polish descent.
Gustav_Teichmüller	Gustav Teichmüller	Q78129	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Teichm%C3%BCller	19th century		Gustav Teichmüller was a German philosopher.
Gustave_Belot	Gustave Belot	Q5621275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Belot	19th century		Gustave Belot was a French philosopher and educational administrator.
György_Lukács	György Lukács	Q151523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs	19th century		György Lukács was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, literary historian, literary critic, and aesthetician.
Géraud_de_Cordemoy	Géraud de Cordemoy	Q1370379	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9raud_de_Cordemoy	17th century		Géraud de Cordemoy was a French philosopher, historian and lawyer.
Gārgī_Vāchaknavī	Gārgī Vāchaknavī	Q2731767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%81rg%C4%AB_V%C4%81chaknav%C4%AB	centuries BC		Gargi Vachaknavi (Sans: गार्गी वाचक्नवी; Gārgī Vācaknavī) was an ancient Indian sage and philosopher.
H._A._Prichard	H. A. Prichard	Q3498726	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._A._Prichard	19th century		Harold Arthur Prichard was an English philosopher.
H._H._Price	H. H. Price	Q3751249	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._H._Price	19th century		Henry Habberley Price was a Welsh philosopher, known for his work on the philosophy of perception.
H._Richard_Niebuhr	H. Richard Niebuhr	Q1076201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Richard_Niebuhr	19th century	ethicists	Helmut Richard Niebuhr was an American theologian and Protestant minister who is considered one of the most important Christian ethicists in 20th-century America.
Hadi_Sabzavari	Hadi Sabzavari	Q3660738	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadi_Sabzavari	18th century		Hadi Sabzavari or Hajj Molla Hadi Sabzavari was an Iranian Shia cleric, philosopher, mystic theologian and poet.
Hajime_Tanabe	Hajime Tanabe	Q1394797	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajime_Tanabe	19th century		Hajime Tanabe was a Japanese philosopher of science, particularly of mathematics and physics.
Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani	Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani	Q5644672	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani	1st through 10th centuries		Hamid al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Ahmad ibn Abdallah al-Kirmani was an Isma'ili scholar.
Han_Fei	Han Fei	Q28959	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Fei	centuries BC	social and political philosophers	Han Fei, also known as Han Feizi or Han Fei Tzu, was a Chinese Legalist philosopher and statesman during the Warring States period.
Han_Yu	Han Yu	Q318998	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Yu	1st through 10th centuries		Han Yu, courtesy name Tuizhi, and commonly known by his posthumous name Han Wengong, was an essayist, Confucian scholar, poet, and government official during the Tang dynasty who significantly influenced the development of Neo-Confucianism.
Hans_Cornelius	Hans Cornelius	Q77518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Cornelius	19th century		Johannes Wilhelm Cornelius was a German neo-Kantian philosopher and psychologist.
Hans_Driesch	Hans Driesch	Q41476	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Driesch	19th century		Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch was a German biologist and philosopher from Bad Kreuznach.
Hans_Freyer	Hans Freyer	Q73172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Freyer	19th century		Johannes "Hans" Freyer was a German sociologist and philosopher of the conservative revolutionary movement.
Hans_Kelsen	Hans Kelsen	Q84165	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Kelsen	19th century	social and political philosophers	Hans Kelsen was an Austrian and later American jurist, legal philosopher and political philosopher.
Hans_Reichenbach	Hans Reichenbach	Q170147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Reichenbach	19th century		Hans Reichenbach was a leading philosopher of science, educator, and proponent of logical empiricism.
Hans_Vaihinger	Hans Vaihinger	Q76518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Vaihinger	19th century		Hans Vaihinger was a German philosopher, best known as a Kant scholar and for his Die Philosophie des Als Ob, published in 1911 although its statement of basic principles had been written more than thirty years earlier.
Harald_Høffding	Harald Høffding	Q703531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_H%C3%B8ffding	19th century		Harald Høffding was a Danish philosopher and theologian.
Harriet_Martineau	Harriet Martineau	Q234570	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Martineau	19th century	social and political philosophers	Harriet Martineau was an English social theorist.
Harriet_Taylor_Mill	Harriet Taylor Mill	Q240782	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Taylor_Mill	19th century	social and political philosophers	Harriet Taylor Mill was an English writer, philosopher, and women's rights advocate.
Hasdai_Crescas	Hasdai Crescas	Q528415	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdai_Crescas	11th through 14th centuries		Hasdai ben Abraham Crescas was a Spanish-Jewish philosopher and a renowned halakhist.
Hastings_Rashdall	Hastings Rashdall	Q4209439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings_Rashdall	19th century		Hastings Rashdall was an English philosopher, theologian, historian, and Anglican priest.
He_Yan	He Yan	Q1156713	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_Yan	1st through 10th centuries		He Yan, courtesy name Pingshu, was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Hecato_of_Rhodes	Hecato of Rhodes	Q924215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecato_of_Rhodes	centuries BC		Hecato or Hecaton of Rhodes was a Greek Stoic philosopher.
Hegesias_of_Cyrene	Hegesias of Cyrene	Q437876	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegesias_of_Cyrene	centuries BC		Hegesias of Cyrene was a Cyrenaic philosopher.
Heinrich_Christoph_Wilhelm_Sigwart	Heinrich Christoph Wilhelm Sigwart	Q97178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Christoph_Wilhelm_Sigwart	18th century		Heinrich Christoph Wilhelm von Sigwart was a German philosopher and logician.
Heinrich_Cornelius_Agrippa	Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa	Q76568	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Cornelius_Agrippa	15th and 16th centuries		Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim was a German Renaissance polymath, physician, legal scholar, alchemist, soldier, knight, theologian, and occult writer.
Heinrich_Czolbe	Heinrich Czolbe	Q88011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Czolbe	19th century		Heinrich Adam Friedrich Czolbe (30 December 1819, Katzke bei Danzig - 19 February 1873, Königsberg) was a medical doctor and materialist philosopher from the Kingdom of Prussia.
Heinrich_Hertz	Heinrich Hertz	Q41257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz	19th century		Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves proposed by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism.
Heinrich_Moritz_Chalybäus	Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus	Q107662	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Moritz_Chalyb%C3%A4us	18th century		Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus was a German philosopher best known for his exegetical work on philosophy, such as his characterisation of Hegel's dialectic as a triad of "thesis–antithesis–synthesis." Biography Chalybäus was born in Pfaffroda in Saxony.
Heinrich_Rickert	Heinrich Rickert	Q77012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rickert	19th century		Heinrich John Rickert was a German philosopher, a leading neo-Kantian of the Baden school.
Heinrich_von_Kleist	Heinrich von Kleist	Q28494	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist	18th century		Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm von Kleist was a German poet, dramatist, novelist, short story writer and journalist.
Heiric_of_Auxerre	Heiric of Auxerre	Q1281873	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiric_of_Auxerre	1st through 10th centuries	logicians	Heiric of Auxerre was a French Benedictine theologian and writer.
Hemachandra	Hemachandra	Q2723463	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemachandra	11th through 14th centuries		Hemachandra was a 11-12th century Śvetāmbara Jaina ācārya, scholar, poet, mathematician, philosopher, yogi, grammarian, law theorist, historian, lexicographer, rhetorician, logician, and prosodist.
Henri-Frédéric_Amiel	Henri-Frédéric Amiel	Q123916	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Amiel	19th century		Henri Frédéric Amiel was a Swiss moral philosopher, poet, and critic.
Henri_Bergson	Henri Bergson	Q42156	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson	19th century	metaphysicians	Henri-Louis Bergson was a French philosopher who was influential in the traditions of analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until the Second World War, but also after 1966 when Gilles Deleuze published Le Bergsonisme.
Henri_Poincaré	Henri Poincaré	Q81082	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9	19th century		Jules Henri Poincaré was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science.
Henri_de_Saint-Simon	Henri de Saint-Simon	Q82934	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon	18th century		Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, better known as Henri de Saint-Simon, was a French political, economic and socialist theorist and businessman whose thought had a substantial influence on politics, economics, sociology and the philosophy of science.
Henricus_Regius	Henricus Regius	Q743918	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_Regius	15th and 16th centuries		Henricus Regius was a Dutch philosopher, physician, and professor of medicine at the University of Utrecht from 1638.
Henry_Brewster_Stanton	Henry Brewster Stanton	Q5718583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Brewster_Stanton	19th century		Henry Brewster Stanton was an American abolitionist, social reformer, attorney, journalist and politician.
Henry_Brougham,_1st_Baron_Brougham_and_Vaux	Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux	Q333220	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Brougham,_1st_Baron_Brougham_and_Vaux	18th century		Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, was a British statesman who became Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and played a prominent role in passing the Reform Act 1832 and Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
Henry_David_Thoreau	Henry David Thoreau	Q131149	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau	19th century	social and political philosophers	Henry David Thoreau was an American naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher.
Henry_George	Henry George	Q355245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George	19th century	social and political philosophers	Henry George was an American political economist, social philosopher and journalist.
Henry_Home,_Lord_Kames	Henry Home, Lord Kames	Q1341370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Home,_Lord_Kames	17th century	social and political philosophers	Henry Home, Lord Kames was a Scottish writer, philosopher and judge who played a major role in Scotland's Agricultural Revolution.
Henry_James_Sr.	Henry James Sr.	Q2694988	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James_Sr.	19th century		Henry James Sr. was an American theologian and the father of the philosopher William James, the novelist Henry James, and the diarist Alice James.
Henry_Longueville_Mansel	Henry Longueville Mansel	Q12061474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Longueville_Mansel	19th century		Henry Longueville Mansel was an English philosopher and ecclesiastic.
Henry_More	Henry More	Q528802	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_More	17th century		Henry More was an English philosopher, Anglican priest, theologian, and poet, associated with the Cambridge Platonists.
Henry_Sidgwick	Henry Sidgwick	Q433076	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Sidgwick	19th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Henry Sidgwick was an English utilitarian philosopher and economist and is best known in philosophy for his utilitarian treatise The Methods of Ethics.
Henry_Suso	Henry Suso	Q303435	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Suso	11th through 14th centuries		Henry Suso, OP was a German Dominican friar and the most popular vernacular writer of the fourteenth century.
Henry_of_Ghent	Henry of Ghent	Q707637	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_of_Ghent	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Henry of Ghent, also known as Henricus de Gandavo and Henricus Gandavensis, was a scholastic philosopher who acquired the nickname of Doctor Solemnis.
Henry_of_Harclay	Henry of Harclay	Q5722572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_of_Harclay	11th through 14th centuries		Henry Harclay was an English medieval philosopher and university chancellor.
Heraclides_Ponticus	Heraclides Ponticus	Q316334	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclides_Ponticus	centuries BC		Heraclides Ponticus was a Greek philosopher and astronomer who was born in Heraclea Pontica, now Karadeniz Ereğli, Turkey, and migrated to Athens.
Heraclitus	Heraclitus	Q41155	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclitus	centuries BC	epistemologists, metaphysicians	Heraclitus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from the city of Ephesus, which was then part of the Persian Empire.
Herbert_Marcuse	Herbert Marcuse	Q60030	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse	19th century	aestheticians	Herbert Marcuse was a German and American philosopher, social critic, and political theorist, associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory.
Herbert_Spencer	Herbert Spencer	Q144535	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer	19th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Herbert Spencer was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist, sociologist, and anthropologist.
Herman_Dooyeweerd	Herman Dooyeweerd	Q1987739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Dooyeweerd	19th century		Herman Dooyeweerd, also spelled Herman Dooijeweerd, was a professor of law and jurisprudence at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam from 1926 to 1965.
Herman_of_Carinthia	Herman of Carinthia	Q725859	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_of_Carinthia	11th through 14th centuries		Herman of Carinthia, also called Hermannus Dalmata, Hermannus Secundus, Herman Dalmatin, or Sclavus Dalmata, by his own words born in the "heart of Istria", was a philosopher, astronomer, astrologer, mathematician and translator of Arabic works into Latin.
Hermann_Blumenau	Hermann Blumenau	Q74053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Blumenau	19th century		Hermann Bruno Otto Blumenau was a German pharmacist who founded the city of Blumenau, situated in the Itajaí-Açu river valley in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Hermann_Cohen	Hermann Cohen	Q76709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Cohen	19th century		Hermann Cohen was a German Jewish philosopher, one of the founders of the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism, and he is often held to be "probably the most important Jewish philosopher of the nineteenth century".
Hermann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Hinrichs	Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs	Q72080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Hinrichs	18th century		Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs was a German right Hegelian philosopher.
Hermann_Lotze	Hermann Lotze	Q57684	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Lotze	19th century	logicians	Rudolf Hermann Lotze was a German philosopher and logician.
Hermann_Samuel_Reimarus	Hermann Samuel Reimarus	Q706888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Samuel_Reimarus	17th century		Hermann Samuel Reimarus, was a German philosopher and writer of the Enlightenment who is remembered for his Deism, the doctrine that human reason can arrive at a knowledge of God and ethics from a study of nature and our own internal reality, thus eliminating the need for religions based on revelati
Hermann_Ulrici	Hermann Ulrici	Q86902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Ulrici	19th century		Hermann Ulrici was a German philosopher. He was co-editor of the philosophical journal Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik.
Hermann_Weyl	Hermann Weyl	Q71029	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Weyl	19th century		Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl was a German mathematician, theoretical physicist, logician and philosopher.
Hermann_von_Helmholtz	Hermann von Helmholtz	Q60024	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz	19th century		Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability.
Hermann_von_Keyserling	Hermann von Keyserling	Q60690	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_von_Keyserling	19th century		Hermann Alexander Graf von Keyserling was a Baltic German philosopher from the Keyserlingk family.
Hervaeus_Natalis	Hervaeus Natalis	Q29438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hervaeus_Natalis	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Hervaeus Natalis, also known as de Nédellec, was a Dominican theologian, the 14th Master of the Dominicans, and the author of a number of works on philosophy and theology.
Hicetas	Hicetas	Q612787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicetas	centuries BC		Hicetas was a Greek philosopher of the Pythagorean School.
Hierocles_(Stoic)	Hierocles (Stoic)	Q1355265	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierocles_(Stoic)	1st through 10th centuries		Hierocles was a Stoic philosopher. Very little is known about his life.
Hildegard_of_Bingen	Hildegard of Bingen	Q70991	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen	11th through 14th centuries		Hildegard of Bingen, also known as the "Sibyl of the Rhine", was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath, active during the High Middle Ages as a writer, composer, philosopher, mystic, visionary, and as a medical writer and practitioner of the Catholic Church.
Hillel_ben_Samuel	Hillel ben Samuel	Q962334	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillel_ben_Samuel	11th through 14th centuries		Hillel ben Samuel was an Italian physician, philosopher, and Talmudist.
Himerius	Himerius	Q1406282	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himerius	1st through 10th centuries		Himerius was a Greek sophist and rhetorician.
Hincmar	Hincmar	Q712257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hincmar	1st through 10th centuries		Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, was a Frankish jurist and theologian, as well as the friend, advisor and propagandist of Charles the Bald.
Hipparchia_of_Maroneia	Hipparchia of Maroneia	Q235494	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparchia_of_Maroneia	centuries BC		Hipparchia of Maroneia was a Cynic philosopher, and wife of Crates of Thebes.
Hippasus	Hippasus	Q298860	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippasus	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Hippasus of Metapontum was a Greek philosopher and early follower of Pythagoras.
Hippias	Hippias	Q210573	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippias	centuries BC		Hippias of Elis was a Greek sophist, and a contemporary of Socrates.
Hippocrates	Hippocrates	Q5264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocrates	centuries BC		Hippocrates of Kos, also known as Hippocrates II, named after his grandfather Hippocrates I was a Greek physician and philosopher of the classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.
Hippolyte_Taine	Hippolyte Taine	Q297726	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine	19th century	social and political philosophers	Hippolyte Adolphe Taine was a French historian, critic and philosopher.
Hryhorii_Skovoroda	Hryhorii Skovoroda	Q336803	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hryhorii_Skovoroda	18th century		Hryhorii Skovoroda, also Gregory Skovoroda or Grigory Skovoroda, was a philosopher of Ukrainian Cossack origin who lived and worked in the Russian Empire.
Hu_Shih	Hu Shih	Q47667	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu_Shih	19th century		Hu Shih was a Chinese academic, writer, diplomat, and politician.
Huang_Zongxi	Huang Zongxi	Q31754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Zongxi	17th century		Huang Zongxi, courtesy name Taichong, was a Chinese naturalist, political theorist, philosopher, and soldier during the latter part of the Ming dynasty into the early part of the Qing.
Hugh_Binning	Hugh Binning	Q5576415	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Binning	17th century		Hugh Binning was a Scottish philosopher and theologian.
Hugh_Blair	Hugh Blair	Q924515	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Blair	18th century		Hugh Blair FRSE was a Scottish minister of religion, author and rhetorician, considered one of the first great theorists of written discourse.
Hugh_of_Saint_Victor	Hugh of Saint Victor	Q317554	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor	11th through 14th centuries		Hugh of Saint Victor was a German canon regular and a leading theologian and writer on mystical theology.
Hugo_Dingler	Hugo Dingler	Q216036	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Dingler	19th century		Hugo Albert Emil Hermann Dingler was a German scientist and philosopher.
Hugo_Grotius	Hugo Grotius	Q154959	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Grotius	15th and 16th centuries	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Hugo Grotius, also known as Hugo de Groot or Huig de Groot, was a Dutch humanist, diplomat, lawyer, theologian, jurist, statesman, poet and playwright.
Hugo_Kołłątaj	Hugo Kołłątaj	Q127345	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj	18th century		Hugo Stumberg Kołłątaj, also spelled Kołłątay, was a prominent Polish constitutional reformer and educationalist, and one of the most prominent figures of the Polish Enlightenment.
Hui_Shi	Hui Shi	Q943012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui_Shi	centuries BC	logicians	Hui Shi, or Huizi, was a Warring States period Chinese philosopher, and, according to the Lushi Chunqiu, a prime minister of the Wei state said to have written a code of laws.
Humphry_Ditton	Humphry Ditton	Q1637291	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphry_Ditton	17th century		Humphry Ditton was an English mathematician.
Hunayn_ibn_Ishaq	Hunayn ibn Ishaq	Q503130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunayn_ibn_Ishaq	1st through 10th centuries		Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi was an influential Iraqi Arab Church of the East Christian translator, scholar, physician, and scientist.
Hyacinthe_Sigismond_Gerdil	Hyacinthe Sigismond Gerdil	Q115820	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyacinthe_Sigismond_Gerdil	18th century		Hyacinthe Sigismond Gerdil, CRSP was an Italian theologian, bishop and cardinal, who was a significant figure in the response of the papacy to the assault on the Catholic Church by the upheavals caused by the French Revolution.
Hypatia	Hypatia	Q11903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia	1st through 10th centuries		Hypatia was a Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, at that time in the province of Egypt and a major city of the Roman Empire.
Hyujeong	Hyujeong	Q841216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyujeong	15th and 16th centuries		Hyujeong, also called Seosan Daesa was a Korean Seon master.
I._A._Richards	I. A. Richards	Q718585	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._A._Richards	19th century		Ivor Armstrong Richards CH, known as I. A.
Iamblichus	Iamblichus	Q310916	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamblichus	1st through 10th centuries		Iamblichus was a Syrian Arab Neoplatonic philosopher who determined a direction later taken by Neoplatonism.
Ibn_Arabi	Ibn Arabi	Q46420	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Arabi	11th through 14th centuries	aestheticians	Ibn 'Arabī was a Sunni Muslim Arab scholar, Sufi mystic, poet, and Muslim philosopher from al-Andalus, who exercised notable influence within Sufi metaphysics and Islamic thought in general.
Ibn_Furak	Ibn Furak	Q12177901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Furak	1st through 10th centuries		Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Fūrāk, Abū Bakr al-Asbahānī al-Shāfi`ī, commonly known as Ibn Fūrāk; c.
Ibn_Hazm	Ibn Hazm	Q317787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hazm	1st through 10th centuries		Ibn Ḥazm was an Andalusi Muslim polymath, historian, traditionist, jurist, philosopher, and theologian, born in the Córdoban Caliphate, present-day Spain.
Ibn_Kammuna	Ibn Kammuna	Q639821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kammuna	11th through 14th centuries		Sa'd ibn Mansur Ibn Kammuna (Arabic: إبن كمونة سعد إبن منصور, 1215—1284, was a 13th-century Jewish physician and philosopher.
Ibn_Khaldun	Ibn Khaldun	Q9294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun	11th through 14th centuries		Ibn Khaldūn was an Arab scholar, historian, philosopher, and sociologist.
Ibn_Malka_al-Baghdadi	Ibn Malka al-Baghdadi	Q2637918	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Malka_al-Baghdadi	11th through 14th centuries		Abu'l-Barakāt Hibat Allah ibn Malkā al-Baghdādī was an Islamic philosopher, physician and physicist of Jewish descent from Baghdad, Iraq.
Ibn_Masarra	Ibn Masarra	Q3147455	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Masarra	1st through 10th centuries		Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Masarra ibn Najih al-Jabali was an Andalusian Muslim ascetic and scholar.
Ibn_Sab'in	Ibn Sab'in	Q2719051	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sab%27in	11th through 14th centuries		Ibn Sab'in was an Arab Sufi, philosopher from al-Andalus in the west land of Islamic world.
Ibn_Taymiyya	Ibn Taymiyya	Q491558	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya	11th through 14th centuries		Ibn Taymiyya was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, Mujtahid, traditionist, Qadiri Sufi, proto-Salafist theologian and iconoclast.
Ibn_Tufayl	Ibn Tufayl	Q251259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Tufayl	11th through 14th centuries		Ibn Ṭufayl was an Arab Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, physician, philosopher, theologian, astronomer, and vizier.
Ibn_al-Haytham	Ibn al-Haytham	Q11104	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham	1st through 10th centuries		Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen, was a mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from Iraq.
Ibn_al-Khammar	Ibn al-Khammar	Q17303834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Khammar	1st through 10th centuries		Abū al-Khayr al-Ḥasan ibn Suwār ibn Bābā ibn Bahnām, called Ibn al-Khammār, was an East Syriac Christian philosopher and physician who taught and worked in Baghdad.
Ibn_al-Muqaffa'	Ibn al-Muqaffa'	Q1060637	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Muqaffa%27	1st through 10th centuries		Abū Muhammad ʿAbd Allāh Rūzbih ibn Dādūya, born Rōzbih pūr-i Dādōē, more commonly known as Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ, was a Persian translator, philosopher, author and thinker who wrote in the Arabic language.
Ibn_al-Rawandi	Ibn al-Rawandi	Q1399609	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Rawandi	1st through 10th centuries		Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Ishaq al-Rawandi, commonly known as Ibn al-Rawandi, was a scholar and theologian.
Ibn_al-Tayyib	Ibn al-Tayyib	Q2820894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Tayyib	1st through 10th centuries		Abū al-Faraj ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ṭayyib, known by the nisba al-ʿIrāqī and in medieval Latin as Abulpharagius Abdalla Benattibus, was a prolific writer, priest and polymath of the Church of the East.
Ibrahim_al-Nazzam	Ibrahim al-Nazzam	Q287501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Nazzam	1st through 10th centuries		Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni‘ an-Naẓẓām was an Arab Mu'tazilite theologian and poet.
Immanuel_Hermann_Fichte	Immanuel Hermann Fichte	Q77154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Hermann_Fichte	18th century		Immanuel Hermann Fichte was a German philosopher and son of Johann Gottlieb Fichte.
Immanuel_Kant	Immanuel Kant	Q9312	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant	18th century	aestheticians, epistemologists, ethicists, metaphysicians, social and political philosophers	Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher. Born in Königsberg in the Kingdom of Prussia, he is considered one of the central thinkers of the Enlightenment.
Immanuel_the_Roman	Immanuel the Roman	Q953988	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_the_Roman	11th through 14th centuries		Immanuel ben Solomon ben Jekuthiel of Rome was a Jewish poet and writer who lived in the Papal States and composed works in Hebrew and Italian.
Ioane_Petritsi	Ioane Petritsi	Q2028047	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioane_Petritsi	11th through 14th centuries		Ioane Petritsi, also referred as John Petritzos, was a Georgian Neoplatonic philosopher of the 11th–12th century.
Isaac_Abarbanel	Isaac Abarbanel	Q319902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Abarbanel	15th and 16th centuries		Isaac ben Judah Abarbanel, commonly referred to as Abarbanel, was a Portuguese Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and financier.
Isaac_Cardoso	Isaac Cardoso	Q4203493	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Cardoso	17th century		Isaac Cardoso was a Portuguese-born Sephardic Jewish physician, philosopher and polemic writer based in Verona.
Isaac_Israeli_ben_Solomon	Isaac Israeli ben Solomon	Q536837	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Israeli_ben_Solomon	1st through 10th centuries		Isaac Israeli ben Solomon, also known as Isaac Israeli the Elder and Isaac Judaeus, was a Jewish physician and philosopher.
Isaac_La_Peyrère	Isaac La Peyrère	Q859889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_La_Peyr%C3%A8re	15th and 16th centuries		Isaac La Peyrère, also known as Isaac de La Peyrère or Pererius, was a French-born theologian, writer, and lawyer.
Isaac_Newton	Isaac Newton	Q935	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton	17th century		Sir Isaac Newton was an English polymath who was a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, author and inventor.
Isaac_Orobio_de_Castro	Isaac Orobio de Castro	Q472987	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Orobio_de_Castro	17th century		Balthazar Orobio de Castro, was a Portuguese Jewish philosopher, physician and religious apologist.
Isaac_ben_Joseph_ibn_Pulgar	Isaac ben Joseph ibn Pulgar	Q461640	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_ben_Joseph_ibn_Pulgar	11th through 14th centuries		Isaac ben Joseph ibn Pulgar or Isaac ben Joseph ibn Polkar or Isaac Polqar was a Spanish Jewish philosopher, poet, and controversialist, who flourished in the first half of the fourteenth century.
Isaac_ben_Moses_Arama	Isaac ben Moses Arama	Q1689684	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_ben_Moses_Arama	15th and 16th centuries		Isaac ben Moses Arama was a Spanish rabbi and author.
Isaac_de_Pinto	Isaac de Pinto	Q1673475	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_de_Pinto	18th century		Isaac de Pinto was a Dutch merchant and banker of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin who was one of the main investors in the Dutch East India Company, as well as a scholar and philosophe who concentrated on Jewish emancipation and national debt.
Isidore_of_Seville	Isidore of Seville	Q166876	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville	1st through 10th centuries		Isidore of Seville was a Hispano-Roman scholar, theologian and archbishop of Seville.
Isocrates	Isocrates	Q221182	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocrates	centuries BC		Isocrates was an ancient Greek rhetorician, one of the ten Attic orators.
Israel_Salanter	Israel Salanter	Q1674629	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Salanter	19th century		Yisrael ben Ze'ev Wolf Lipkin, also known as Israel Salanter or Yisroel Salanter, was the father of the Musar movement in Orthodox Judaism and a famed Rosh yeshiva and Talmudist.
Itō_Jinsai	Itō Jinsai	Q640808	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C5%8D_Jinsai	17th century		Itō Jinsai (伊藤 仁斎; Japanese pronunciation: [i.toːʑiꜜɰ̃.sai], August 30, 1627, Kyoto, Japan – April 5, 1705, Kyoto), who also went by the pen name Keisai, was a Japanese Confucian philosopher.
Ivan_Ilyin	Ivan Ilyin	Q1282198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin	19th century		Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin was a Russian jurist, religious and political philosopher, publicist, orator, and a far-right thinker.
J._H._Muirhead	J. H. Muirhead	Q521606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._H._Muirhead	19th century		John Henry Muirhead was a Scottish philosopher best known for having initiated the Muirhead Library of Philosophy in 1890.
J._M._E._McTaggart	J. M. E. McTaggart	Q463553	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._E._McTaggart	19th century		John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart was an English philosopher most known for his work in idealism, philosophy of time, and metaphysics.
Jabir_ibn_Hayyan	Jabir ibn Hayyan	Q167852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan	1st through 10th centuries		Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān, died c. 806−816, is the purported author of a large number of works in Arabic, often called the Jabirian corpus.
Jacob_Burckhardt	Jacob Burckhardt	Q59945	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Burckhardt	19th century		Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt was a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields.
Jacob_Friedrich_von_Abel	Jacob Friedrich von Abel	Q64598	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Friedrich_von_Abel	18th century		Jacob Friedrich von Abel was a German philosopher.
Jacobus_Arminius	Jacobus Arminius	Q313070	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus_Arminius	15th and 16th centuries		Jacobus Arminius was a Dutch Reformed minister and theologian during the Protestant Reformation period whose views became the basis of Arminianism and the Dutch Remonstrant movement.
Jacopo_Mazzoni	Jacopo Mazzoni	Q1757022	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Mazzoni	15th and 16th centuries		Jacopo Mazzoni was an Italian philosopher, a professor in Pisa, and friend of Galileo Galilei.
Jacopo_Zabarella	Jacopo Zabarella	Q627941	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Zabarella	15th and 16th centuries	logicians	Giacomo Zabarella was an Italian Aristotelian philosopher and logician.
Jacques_Maritain	Jacques Maritain	Q45723	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Maritain	19th century	aestheticians, ethicists, metaphysicians	Jacques Maritain was a French Catholic philosopher and theologian.
Jacques_Rohault	Jacques Rohault	Q3098636	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Rohault	17th century		Jacques Rohault was a French philosopher, physicist and mathematician, and a follower of Cartesianism.
Jahm_bin_Safwan	Jahm bin Safwan	Q983510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahm_bin_Safwan	1st through 10th centuries		Jahm bin Safwan was an Islamic theologian of the Umayyad period and whose name has given rise to the Jahmiyya moniker.
Jaimini	Jaimini	Q2758596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaimini	centuries BC		Jaimini was an ancient Indian scholar who founded the Mīmāṃsā school of Hindu philosophy.
Jakob_Böhme	Jakob Böhme	Q77017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme	15th and 16th centuries	metaphysicians	Jakob Böhme was a German philosopher, Christian mystic, and Lutheran Protestant theologian.
Jakob_Friedrich_Fries	Jakob Friedrich Fries	Q77436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Friedrich_Fries	18th century		Jakob Friedrich Fries was a German post-Kantian philosopher and mathematician.
Jakob_Lorber	Jakob Lorber	Q78592	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Lorber	19th century		Jakob Lorber was a Christian mystic and self-professed visionary from the Duchy of Styria who promoted liberal Universalism, and who referred to himself as "God's scribe".
Jakob_Sigismund_Beck	Jakob Sigismund Beck	Q70666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Sigismund_Beck	18th century		Jakob Sigismund Beck was a German philosopher.
Jalal_al-Din_Davani	Jalal al-Din Davani	Q4116938	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Davani	15th and 16th centuries		Jalal al-Din al-Dawani, also known as Allama Davani, was a theologian, philosopher, jurist, and poet, who is considered to have been one of the leading scholars in late 15th-century Iran.
Jamal_al-Din_al-Afghani	Jamal al-Din al-Afghani	Q298434	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Afghani	19th century		Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, also known as Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī and commonly known as Al-Afghani, was a political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century.
James_Beattie_(poet)	James Beattie (poet)	Q915031	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beattie_(poet)	18th century		James Beattie was a Scottish poet, moralist, and philosopher.
James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce	James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce	Q336497	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce	19th century		James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce,, was a British academic, jurist, historian, diplomat, and Liberal politician.
James_Burnett,_Lord_Monboddo	James Burnett, Lord Monboddo	Q1680084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Burnett,_Lord_Monboddo	18th century		James Burnett, Lord Monboddo was a Scottish judge, scholar of linguistic evolution, philosopher and deist.
James_Clerk_Maxwell	James Clerk Maxwell	Q9095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell	19th century		James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish physicist and mathematician who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon.
James_Dalrymple,_1st_Viscount_of_Stair	James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair	Q6186740	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dalrymple,_1st_Viscount_of_Stair	17th century		James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair was a Scottish lawyer and statesman, and a key influence on the Scottish Enlightenment.
James_Edwin_Creighton	James Edwin Creighton	Q15516850	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Edwin_Creighton	19th century		James Edwin Creighton was an American idealist philosopher, Cornell academic.
James_Frederick_Ferrier	James Frederick Ferrier	Q3161092	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Frederick_Ferrier	19th century	epistemologists	James Frederick Ferrier was a Scottish metaphysical writer and philosopher.
James_Harrington_(author)	James Harrington (author)	Q969183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harrington_(author)	17th century		James Harrington was an English political theorist known for his contributions to classical republican thought.
James_Hutchison_Stirling	James Hutchison Stirling	Q2556195	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hutchison_Stirling	19th century		James Hutchison Stirling was a Scottish idealist philosopher and physician.
James_Mark_Baldwin	James Mark Baldwin	Q553132	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mark_Baldwin	19th century		James Mark Baldwin was an American philosopher and psychologist who was educated at Princeton under the supervision of Scottish philosopher James McCosh and who was one of the founders of the Department of Psychology at Princeton and the University of Toronto.
James_Martineau	James Martineau	Q1680771	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Martineau	19th century	ethicists	James Martineau was a British religious philosopher influential in the history of Unitarianism.
James_McCosh	James McCosh	Q6139232	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McCosh	19th century		James McCosh was a philosopher of the Scottish School of Common Sense.
James_Mill	James Mill	Q271666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mill	18th century	ethicists	James Mill was a Scottish historian, economist, and political theorist, who was a founder of the Ricardian school of economics.
James_Sully	James Sully	Q1426993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Sully	19th century		James Sully was an English psychologist, philosopher and writer.
James_Ward_(psychologist)	James Ward (psychologist)	Q6145127	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ward_(psychologist)	19th century		James Ward was an English psychologist and philosopher.
James_of_Viterbo	James of Viterbo	Q352625	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_of_Viterbo	11th through 14th centuries		James of Viterbo, born Giacomo Capocci, was an Italian Roman Catholic Augustinian friar and Scholastic theologian, who later became Archbishop of Naples.
Jan_Hus	Jan Hus	Q43977	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Hus	11th through 14th centuries		Jan Hus, sometimes anglicized as John Goose or John Huss, and referred to in historical texts as Iohannes Hus or Johannes Huss, was a Czech Christian theologian and philosopher who became a Church reformer and the inspiration of Hussitism, a key predecessor to Protestantism, and a seminal figure in 
Jan_Łukasiewicz	Jan Łukasiewicz	Q313454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_%C5%81ukasiewicz	19th century		Jan Leopold Łukasiewicz was a Polish logician, and philosopher who is best known for Polish notation and Łukasiewicz logic.
Jan_Śniadecki	Jan Śniadecki	Q536339	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_%C5%9Aniadecki	18th century		Jan Śniadecki was a Polish mathematician, philosopher, and astronomer at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Jayanta_Bhatta	Jayanta Bhatta	Q15457107	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta	1st through 10th centuries	logicians	Jayanta Bhatta was a poet, teacher, logician, and an advisor to King Sankaravarman of Kashmir.
Jayatirtha	Jayatirtha	Q6167696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayatirtha	11th through 14th centuries	epistemologists, metaphysicians	Jayatirtha, also known as Teekacharya, was a Hindu philosopher, dialectician, polemicist and the sixth pontiff of Madhvacharya Peetha from.
Je_Tsongkhapa	Je Tsongkhapa	Q323439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je_Tsongkhapa	11th through 14th centuries		Tsongkhapa was an influential Tibetan Buddhist monk, philosopher, and tantric yogi, whose activities led to the formation of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.
Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck	Jean-Baptiste Lamarck	Q82122	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck	18th century		Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck, often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier.
Jean-Jacques_Rousseau	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	Q6527	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau	18th century		Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, philosophe, writer, and composer.
Jean-Pierre_de_Crousaz	Jean-Pierre de Crousaz	Q115938	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_de_Crousaz	17th century		Jean-Pierre de Crousaz was a Swiss theologian and philosopher.
Jean_Anthelme_Brillat-Savarin	Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin	Q313027	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Anthelme_Brillat-Savarin	18th century	aestheticians	Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin was a French lawyer and politician, who, as the author of Physiologie du goût, became celebrated for his culinary reminiscences and reflections on the craft and science of cookery and the art of eating.
Jean_Bodin	Jean Bodin	Q190944	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin	15th and 16th centuries	social and political philosophers	Jean Bodin was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law at the University of Toulouse.
Jean_Buridan	Jean Buridan	Q275500	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan	11th through 14th centuries	logicians, metaphysicians	Jean Buridan was an influential 14th‑century French scholastic philosopher.
Jean_Gerson	Jean Gerson	Q281179	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Gerson	11th through 14th centuries		Jean Charlier de Gerson was a French Roman Catholic scholar, educator, reformer, and poet, Chancellor of the University of Paris, a guiding influence of the conciliar movement and one of the most prominent theologians at the Council of Constance.
Jean_Le_Clerc_(theologian)	Jean Le Clerc (theologian)	Q116022	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Le_Clerc_(theologian)	17th century		Jean Le Clerc, also Johannes Clericus, was a Genevan theologian, biblical scholar, and journalist.
Jean_Le_Rond_d'Alembert	Jean Le Rond d'Alembert	Q153232	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Le_Rond_d%27Alembert	18th century		Jean Le Rond d'Alembert was a French mathematician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist.
Jean_Piaget	Jean Piaget	Q123190	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget	19th century	epistemologists	Jean William Fritz Piaget was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development.
Jean_Wahl	Jean Wahl	Q573120	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Wahl	19th century		Jean André Wahl was a French philosopher.
Jeremy_Bentham	Jeremy Bentham	Q60887	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham	18th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.
Jerome_Frank	Jerome Frank	Q536718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Frank	19th century		Jerome New Frank was an American legal philosopher and author who played a leading role in the legal realism movement.
Jesus	Jesus	Q302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus	1st through 10th centuries	ethicists	Jesus, also known as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and by various other names and titles, was a 1st-century Jewish preacher and religious leader in the Roman province of Judaea.
Ji_Kang	Ji Kang	Q468712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji_Kang	1st through 10th centuries		Ji Kang, sometimes referred to as Xi Kang, courtesy name Shuye, was a Chinese composer, essayist, philosopher, and poet of the Three Kingdoms period.
Jia_Yi	Jia Yi	Q301650	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jia_Yi	centuries BC		Jia Yi was a Chinese essayist, poet and politician of the Western Han dynasty, best known as one of the earliest known writers of fu rhapsody and for his essay "Disquisition Finding Fault with Qin", which criticises the Qin dynasty and describes Jia's opinions on the reasons for its collapse.
Jiddu_Krishnamurti	Jiddu Krishnamurti	Q179266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddu_Krishnamurti	19th century		Jiddu Krishnamurti was an Indian spiritual figure, speaker, and writer.
Jinul	Jinul	Q704894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinul	11th through 14th centuries		Jinul Puril Bojo Daesa, often called Jinul or Chinul for short, was a Korean monk of the Goryeo period, who is considered to be the most influential figure in the formation of Korean Seon Buddhism.
Joachim_Jungius	Joachim Jungius	Q71026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Jungius	15th and 16th centuries	logicians	Joachim Jungius was a German mathematician, logician and philosopher of science.
Joachim_of_Fiore	Joachim of Fiore	Q199991	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore	11th through 14th centuries		Joachim of Fiore, also known as Joachim of Flora, was an Italian Christian theologian, Catholic abbot, and the founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore.
Johann_Augustus_Eberhard	Johann Augustus Eberhard	Q942414	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Augustus_Eberhard	18th century		Johann Augustus Eberhard was a German theologian and "popular philosopher".
Johann_Friedrich_Herbart	Johann Friedrich Herbart	Q76685	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Herbart	18th century	aestheticians, ethicists	Johann Friedrich Herbart was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline.
Johann_Georg_Hamann	Johann Georg Hamann	Q76499	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Georg_Hamann	18th century		Johann Georg Hamann was a German Lutheran philosopher from Königsberg.
Johann_Gottfried_Herder	Johann Gottfried Herder	Q155547	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder	18th century	aestheticians, social and political philosophers	Johann Gottfried von Herder was a German philosopher, theologian, pastor, poet, and literary critic.
Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte	Johann Gottlieb Fichte	Q102585	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte	18th century		Johann Gottlieb Fichte was a German philosopher, and a founding figure of German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.
Johann_Heinrich_Abicht	Johann Heinrich Abicht	Q67258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Abicht	18th century		Johann Heinrich Abicht was a German philosopher.
Johann_Heinrich_Lambert	Johann Heinrich Lambert	Q122999	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Lambert	18th century	logicians	Johann Heinrich Lambert was an Alsatian polymath from the Republic of Mulhouse—then an associate of the Swiss Confederacy—who made fundamental contributions to mathematics, physics, philosophy, astronomy, and map projections.
Johann_Ulrich_von_Cramer	Johann Ulrich von Cramer	Q4237557	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Ulrich_von_Cramer	18th century		Johann Ulrich von Cramer was an eminent German judge, legal scholar, and Enlightenment philosopher.
Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe	Q5879	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe	18th century		Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language.
Johannes_Clauberg	Johannes Clauberg	Q72072	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Clauberg	17th century		Johannes Clauberg was a German philosopher and theologian.
Johannes_Crellius	Johannes Crellius	Q72274	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Crellius	15th and 16th centuries		Johannes Crellius was a Polish and German theologian.
Johannes_Kepler	Johannes Kepler	Q8963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler	15th and 16th centuries		Johannes Kepler was a German polymath who was an astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and music theorist.
Johannes_Nikolaus_Tetens	Johannes Nikolaus Tetens	Q63081	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Nikolaus_Tetens	18th century		Johannes Nikolaus Tetens was a German-Danish philosopher, statistician and scientist.
Johannes_Tauler	Johannes Tauler	Q60281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Tauler	11th through 14th centuries		Johannes Tauler OP was a German mystic, a Catholic priest and a theologian.
John_Abercrombie_(physician)	John Abercrombie (physician)	Q581552	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Abercrombie_(physician)	18th century		John Abercrombie was a Scottish physician, author, philosopher and philanthropist.
John_Adams	John Adams	Q11806	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams	18th century		John Adams was a Founding Father and the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801.
John_Allen_(historian)	John Allen (historian)	Q6218742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Allen_(historian)	18th century		John Allen was an eighteenth and nineteenth century political and historical writer, and Master of the College of God's Gift in Dulwich.
John_Amos_Comenius	John Amos Comenius	Q12735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Amos_Comenius	15th and 16th centuries		John Amos Comenius was a Moravian philosopher, pedagogue and theologian who is considered the father of modern education.
John_Anderson_(philosopher)	John Anderson (philosopher)	Q3296918	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Anderson_(philosopher)	19th century		John Anderson was a Scottish philosopher who occupied the post of Challis Professor of Philosophy at Sydney University from 1927 to 1958.
John_Austin_(legal_philosopher)	John Austin (legal philosopher)	Q60837	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Austin_(legal_philosopher)	18th century		John Austin was an English legal theorist who posthumously influenced British and American law with an analytical approach to jurisprudence and a theory of legal positivism.
John_B._Watson	John B. Watson	Q217477	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Watson	19th century		John Broadus Watson was an American psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism, establishing it as a psychological school.
John_Balguy	John Balguy	Q3170511	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balguy	17th century		John Balguy was an English divine and philosopher.
John_Ballantyne_(minister)	John Ballantyne (minister)	Q14948874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ballantyne_(minister)	18th century		John Ballantyne was a Scottish minister of religion.
John_Calvin	John Calvin	Q37577	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin	15th and 16th centuries		John Calvin was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.
John_Capreolus	John Capreolus	Q6170357	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Capreolus	11th through 14th centuries		John Capreolus, in French Jean Capréolus and in Latin Johannes Capreolus, was a French Dominican theologian and Thomist.
John_Cook_Wilson	John Cook Wilson	Q3817476	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cook_Wilson	19th century		John Cook Wilson was an English philosopher, Wykeham Professor of Logic and Fellow of New College.
John_Dewey	John Dewey	Q131805	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey	19th century	aestheticians, epistemologists	John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer.
John_Elof_Boodin	John Elof Boodin	Q6231699	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elof_Boodin	19th century		John Elof Boodin was a Swedish-born American philosopher and educator.
John_Fiske_(philosopher)	John Fiske (philosopher)	Q3140992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)	19th century		John Fiske was an American philosopher and historian.
John_G._Neihardt	John G. Neihardt	Q6250218	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Neihardt	19th century		John Gneisenau Neihardt was an American writer and poet, amateur historian and ethnographer.
John_Gay	John Gay	Q321660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gay	17th century		John Gay was an English poet and dramatist and member of the Scriblerus Club.
John_Grote	John Grote	Q5772968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Grote	19th century		John Grote was an English moral philosopher and Anglican clergyman.
John_Henry_Newman	John Henry Newman	Q44490	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_Newman	19th century	logicians	John Henry Newman was an English Catholic theologian, academic, philosopher, historian, writer, and poet.
John_Herschel	John Herschel	Q14278	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Herschel	18th century		Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.
John_Hoppus	John Hoppus	Q6239843	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hoppus	18th century		John Hoppus FRS was an English Congregational minister, author, Fellow of the Royal Society, abolitionist and educational reformer.
John_Lewis_(philosopher)	John Lewis (philosopher)	Q1999078	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis_(philosopher)	19th century		John Lewis was a British Unitarian minister and Marxist philosopher and author of many works on philosophy, anthropology, and religion.
John_Locke	John Locke	Q9353	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke	17th century	epistemologists, ethicists, social and political philosophers	John Locke was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism".
John_Macmurray	John Macmurray	Q6246319	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Macmurray	19th century		John Macmurray was a Scottish philosopher.
John_Major_(philosopher)	John Major (philosopher)	Q579194	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Major_(philosopher)	15th and 16th centuries	logicians	John Major was a Scottish philosopher, theologian, and historian who was admired and influential.
John_Maynard_Keynes	John Maynard Keynes	Q9317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes	19th century		John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, was an English economist whose writings are considered the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, as well as its various offshoots.
John_Millar_(philosopher)	John Millar (philosopher)	Q711508	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Millar_(philosopher)	18th century		John Millar of Glasgow was a Scottish philosopher, historian and Regius Professor of Civil Law at the University of Glasgow from 1761 to 1800.
John_Norris_(philosopher)	John Norris (philosopher)	Q3182195	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Norris_(philosopher)	17th century		John Norris, sometimes called John Norris of Bemerton, was an English theologian, philosopher and poet associated with the Cambridge Platonists.
John_Peckham	John Peckham	Q1322939	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Peckham	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	John Peckham was a Franciscan friar and Archbishop of Canterbury in the years 1279–1292.
John_Philoponus	John Philoponus	Q317632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philoponus	1st through 10th centuries		John Philoponus, also known as John the Grammarian or John of Alexandria, was a Greek-speaking philologist, Aristotelian commentator and Christian theologian from Alexandria, Byzantine Egypt, who authored a number of philosophical treatises and theological works.
John_Ray	John Ray	Q316949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ray	17th century		John Ray was an English Christian naturalist and one of the earliest English parson-naturalists.
John_Scotus_Eriugena	John Scotus Eriugena	Q184500	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena	1st through 10th centuries		John Scotus Eriugena, also known as Johannes Scotus Erigena, John the Scot or John the Irish-born, was an Irish Neoplatonist philosopher, theologian and poet of the Early Middle Ages.
John_Selden	John Selden	Q735697	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Selden	15th and 16th centuries		John Selden was an English jurist, a scholar of England's ancient laws and constitution and scholar of Jewish law.
John_Sergeant_(priest)	John Sergeant (priest)	Q6257310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sergeant_(priest)	17th century		John Sergeant was an English Roman Catholic priest, controversialist and theologian.
John_Stuart_Mill	John Stuart Mill	Q50020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill	19th century	ethicists, logicians, social and political philosophers	John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, political economist, and politician.
John_Theophilus_Desaguliers	John Theophilus Desaguliers	Q658008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers	17th century		John Theophilus Desaguliers was a French-born British natural philosopher, clergyman, engineer and freemason who was elected to the Royal Society in 1714 as experimental assistant to Isaac Newton.
John_Toland	John Toland	Q335820	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Toland	17th century		John Toland was an Irish rationalist philosopher and freethinker, and occasional satirist, who wrote numerous books and pamphlets on political philosophy and philosophy of religion, which are early expressions of the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment.
John_Veitch_(poet)	John Veitch (poet)	Q6261901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Veitch_(poet)	19th century		John Veitch, Scottish philosopher, poet and historian: John was born in Peebles; the only son of Peninsular War veteran James Veitch and his wife, Nancy Ritchie; a woman, steeped in the folk traditions of the Borders; he was educated at the University of Edinburgh.
John_Venn	John Venn	Q216811	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Venn	19th century	logicians	John Venn, FRS, FSA was an English mathematician, logician and philosopher noted for introducing Venn diagrams, which are used in logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computer science.
John_Witherspoon	John Witherspoon	Q1246390	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Witherspoon	18th century		John Witherspoon was a Scottish-American Presbyterian minister, educator, farmer, and a Founding Father of the United States.
John_Wood_Oman	John Wood Oman	Q18878689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wood_Oman	19th century		John Wood Oman, FBA was a Scottish theologian and Presbyterian minister.
John_Wycliffe	John Wycliffe	Q173893	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wycliffe	11th through 14th centuries		John Wycliffe was an English scholastic philosopher, Christian reformer, Catholic priest, and a theology professor at the University of Oxford.
John_of_Damascus	John of Damascus	Q51884	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Damascus	1st through 10th centuries		John of Damascus or John Damascene, born Yūḥana ibn Manṣūr ibn Sarjūn, was a Christian monk, priest, hymnographer, and apologist.
John_of_Jandun	John of Jandun	Q573807	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Jandun	11th through 14th centuries		John of Jandun or John of Jaudun was a French philosopher, theologian, and political writer.
John_of_La_Rochelle	John of La Rochelle	Q6265864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_La_Rochelle	11th through 14th centuries		John of La Rochelle, was a French Franciscan, scholastic philosopher, and theologian.
John_of_Mirecourt	John of Mirecourt	Q371962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Mirecourt	11th through 14th centuries		John of Mirecourt, also known as Monachus Albus, was a Cistercian scholastic philosopher of the fourteenth century, from Mirecourt, Lorraine.
John_of_Paris	John of Paris	Q717037	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Paris	11th through 14th centuries		John of Paris, also called Jean Quidort and Johannes de Soardis, was a French philosopher, theologian, and Dominican friar.
John_of_Ruusbroec	John of Ruusbroec	Q920312	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Ruusbroec	11th through 14th centuries		John of Ruusbroec or Jan van Ruusbroec, sometimes modernized Ruysbroeck, was an Augustinian canon and one of the most important of the medieval mystics of the Low Countries.
John_of_Salisbury	John of Salisbury	Q264028	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Salisbury	11th through 14th centuries		John of Salisbury, who described himself as Johannes Parvus, was an English author, philosopher, educationalist, diplomat and bishop of Chartres.
John_of_St._Thomas	John of St. Thomas	Q3735496	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_St._Thomas	15th and 16th centuries	logicians, metaphysicians	John of St. Thomas , born João Poinsot, was a Portuguese Dominican friar, Thomist theologian, and professor of philosophy.
Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)	Jonathan Edwards (theologian)	Q313073	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)	18th century	aestheticians	Jonathan Edwards was an American revivalist preacher, philosopher, and Congregationalist theologian.
Joseph_Butler	Joseph Butler	Q218322	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Butler	17th century		Joseph Butler was an English Anglican bishop, theologian, apologist, and philosopher, born in Wantage in the English county of Berkshire.
Joseph_Glanvill	Joseph Glanvill	Q2713252	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Glanvill	17th century		Joseph Glanvill was an English writer, philosopher, and clergyman.
Joseph_Priestley	Joseph Priestley	Q159636	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Priestley	18th century	social and political philosophers	Joseph Priestley was an English chemist, Unitarian, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator and classical liberal political theorist.
Joseph_Schumpeter	Joseph Schumpeter	Q78477	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter	19th century		Joseph Alois Schumpeter was an Austrian political economist.
Joseph_Solomon_Delmedigo	Joseph Solomon Delmedigo	Q969675	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Solomon_Delmedigo	15th and 16th centuries		Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, also known as Yashar Mi-Qandia, was a rabbi, author, physician, mathematician, and music theorist.
Joseph_de_Maistre	Joseph de Maistre	Q309854	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre	18th century	social and political philosophers	Joseph Marie, comte de Maistre, was a Savoyard lawyer, diplomat, and political philosopher.
Joseph_ibn_Tzaddik	Joseph ibn Tzaddik	Q958426	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_ibn_Tzaddik	11th through 14th centuries		Rabbi Joseph ben Jacob ibn Tzaddik was a Spanish rabbi, poet, and philosopher.
Josephus_Flavius_Cook	Josephus Flavius Cook	Q6288508	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus_Flavius_Cook	19th century		Josephus Flavius Cook, commonly known as Joseph Cook, was an American philosophical lecturer, clergyman, and writer.
Josiah_Royce	Josiah Royce	Q471260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah_Royce	19th century		Josiah Royce was an American pragmatist and absolute idealist philosopher and the founder of American idealism.
José_Ortega_y_Gasset	José Ortega y Gasset	Q153020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset	19th century	social and political philosophers	José Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish philosopher and essayist.
Juan_Donoso_Cortés	Juan Donoso Cortés	Q723141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s	19th century	social and political philosophers	Juan Francisco María de la Salud Donoso Cortés y Fernández Canedo, marqués de Valdegamas was a Spanish writer, diplomat, politician, and Catholic political theologian.
Juan_Luis_Vives	Juan Luis Vives	Q316357	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Luis_Vives	15th and 16th centuries		Juan Luis Vives y March was a Spanish scholar and Renaissance humanist who spent most of his adult life in the southern Habsburg Netherlands.
Juan_de_Mariana	Juan de Mariana	Q939889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Mariana	15th and 16th centuries		Juan de Mariana was a Spanish Jesuit priest, Scholastic, historian, and member of the Monarchomachs.
Judah_Halevi	Judah Halevi	Q299200	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Halevi	11th through 14th centuries		Judah haLevi was a Sephardic Jewish poet, physician and philosopher.
Judah_Leon_Abravanel	Judah Leon Abravanel	Q467062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Leon_Abravanel	15th and 16th centuries		Judah Leon Abravanel or Abrabanel, otherwise known by the pen name of Leo the Hebrew, was a Portuguese–Jewish philosopher, physician, and poet.
Judah_Messer_Leon	Judah Messer Leon	Q669640	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Messer_Leon	15th and 16th centuries		Judah ben Jehiel,, more usually called Judah Messer Leon, was an Italian rabbi, teacher, physician, and philosopher.
Judah_ben_Moses_Romano	Judah ben Moses Romano	Q6302169	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_ben_Moses_Romano	11th through 14th centuries		Judah ben Moses Romano was an Italian Jewish philosopher and translator of the fourteenth century.
Judah_ben_Samuel_of_Regensburg	Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg	Q1391474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_ben_Samuel_of_Regensburg	11th through 14th centuries		Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg, also called Yehuda HeHasid or Judah the Pious in Hebrew, was a leader of the Ashkenazi Hasidim a movement of Jewish mysticism in Germany.
Jules_Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire	Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire	Q1332164	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire	19th century		Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire was a French philosopher, journalist, statesman, and possible illegitimate son of Napoleon I of France.
Jules_Lachelier	Jules Lachelier	Q2303850	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Lachelier	19th century		Jules Esprit Nicolas Lachelier was a French philosopher, most known for his contributions to French spiritualism and his influence on modern French philosophy.
Jules_Lequier	Jules Lequier	Q3188736	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Lequier	19th century		Jules Lequier was a French philosopher from Brittany.
Julien_Benda	Julien Benda	Q155270	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien_Benda	19th century		Julien Benda was a French philosopher and novelist, known as an essayist and cultural critic.
Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie	Julien Offray de La Mettrie	Q7068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie	18th century	social and political philosophers	Julien Offray de La Mettrie was a French physician and philosopher, and one of the earliest of the French materialists of the Enlightenment.
Julius_Caesar_Scaliger	Julius Caesar Scaliger	Q441066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Scaliger	15th and 16th centuries		Julius Caesar Scaliger, or Giulio Cesare della Scala, was an Italian scholar and physician, who spent a major part of his career in France.
Julius_Ebbinghaus	Julius Ebbinghaus	Q112272	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Ebbinghaus	19th century		Julius Ebbinghaus was a German philosopher, one of the closest followers of Immanuel Kant active in the twentieth century.
Julius_Evola	Julius Evola	Q334147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Evola	19th century	social and political philosophers	Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola, better known as Julius Evola, was an Italian far-right philosopher and writer.
Julius_Hare_(theologian)	Julius Hare (theologian)	Q6309841	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Hare_(theologian)	18th century		Julius Charles Hare was an English theological writer.
Justinian_I	Justinian I	Q41866	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I	1st through 10th centuries		Justinian I, also known as Justinian the Great, was Roman emperor from 527 to 565.
Justus_Lipsius	Justus Lipsius	Q315871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justus_Lipsius	15th and 16th centuries		Justus Lipsius was a Brabantian Catholic philologist, philosopher, and humanist.
Józef_Maria_Hoene-Wroński	Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński	Q331856	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Maria_Hoene-Wro%C5%84ski	18th century		Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński was a Polish messianist philosopher, mathematician, physicist, inventor, lawyer, occultist and economist.
Kabir	Kabir	Q312551	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabir	11th through 14th centuries		Kabir was a famous Indian devotional mystic poet and saint.
Kaibara_Ekken	Kaibara Ekken	Q1721396	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaibara_Ekken	17th century		Kaibara Ekken or Ekiken, also known as Atsunobu, was a Japanese Neo-Confucianist philosopher and botanist.
Kang_Youwei	Kang Youwei	Q360135	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kang_Youwei	19th century		Kang Youwei was a Chinese political thinker and reformer in the late Qing dynasty.
Kapila	Kapila	Q574355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapila	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Kapila, also referred to as Cakradhanus, was a Vedic sage in Hindu tradition, regarded the founder of the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy.
Karl_Barth	Karl Barth	Q107473	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Barth	19th century		Karl Barth (; Swiss Standard German: [bart];10 May 1886 –10 December 1968) was a Swiss Reformed theologian.
Karl_Christian_Friedrich_Krause	Karl Christian Friedrich Krause	Q213585	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Christian_Friedrich_Krause	18th century		Karl Christian Friedrich Krause was a German philosopher whose doctrines became known as Krausism.
Karl_Jaspers	Karl Jaspers	Q76509	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Jaspers	19th century		Karl Theodor Jaspers was a German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy.
Karl_Kautsky	Karl Kautsky	Q76586	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kautsky	19th century		Karl Johann Kautsky was an Austrian-born Marxist theorist.
Karl_Kraus_(writer)	Karl Kraus (writer)	Q44328	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer)	19th century		Karl Kraus was an Austrian writer and journalist, known as a satirist, essayist, aphorist, playwright and poet.
Karl_Leonhard_Reinhold	Karl Leonhard Reinhold	Q112258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Leonhard_Reinhold	18th century	epistemologists	Karl Leonhard Reinhold was an Austrian philosopher who helped to popularise the work of Immanuel Kant in the late 18th century.
Karl_Llewellyn	Karl Llewellyn	Q1732185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Llewellyn	19th century		Karl Nickerson Llewellyn was an American jurisprudential scholar associated with the school of legal realism.
Karl_Mannheim	Karl Mannheim	Q76823	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Mannheim	19th century		Karl Mannheim was a Hungarian sociologist and a key figure in classical sociology as well as one of the founders of the sociology of knowledge.
Karl_Marx	Karl Marx	Q9061	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx	19th century	social and political philosophers	Karl Marx was a German philosopher, social and political theorist, and revolutionary socialist.
Karl_Olivecrona	Karl Olivecrona	Q1274181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Olivecrona	19th century		Karl Olivecrona was a Swedish lawyer and legal philosopher.
Karl_Renner	Karl Renner	Q11726	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Renner	19th century		Karl Renner was an Austrian politician and jurist of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria.
Karl_Rosenkranz	Karl Rosenkranz	Q62315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Rosenkranz	19th century		Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz was a German philosopher and pedagogue.
Karl_Wilhelm_Ferdinand_Solger	Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger	Q70660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Ferdinand_Solger	18th century		Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger was a German philosopher and academic.
Karl_von_Prantl	Karl von Prantl	Q73210	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Prantl	19th century		Karl von Prantl was a German philosopher and philologist.
Karol_Libelt	Karol Libelt	Q480221	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Libelt	19th century		Karol Libelt was a Polish philosopher, writer, political and social activist, social worker and liberal, nationalist politician, and president of the Poznań Society of Friends of Learning.
Kavindra_Tirtha	Kavindra Tirtha	Q66722237	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavindra_Tirtha	11th through 14th centuries		Kavīndra Tīrtha;, was a Dvaita philosopher, saint, scholar and the seventh peetadhipathi of Madhvacharya Peetha — Shri Uttaradi Matha from 1392-1398.
Kazimierz_Ajdukiewicz	Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz	Q325993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Ajdukiewicz	19th century	logicians	Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz was a Polish philosopher and logician, a prominent figure in the Lwów–Warsaw school of logic.
Kazimierz_Twardowski	Kazimierz Twardowski	Q381994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Twardowski	19th century	logicians	Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski was a Polish philosopher, psychologist, logician, and rector of the Lwów University.
Kaṇāda	Kaṇāda	Q29049	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%87%C4%81da	centuries BC		Kaṇāda, also known as Kaṇabhaksha, Kaṇabhuj was an ancient Indian natural scientist and philosopher who founded the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy that also represents the earliest Indian physics.
Kenelm_Digby	Kenelm Digby	Q45838	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenelm_Digby	17th century		Sir Kenelm Digby was an English courtier and diplomat.
Khana_(poet)	Khana (poet)	Q12422015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khana_(poet)	11th through 14th centuries		Khana was a legendary Bengali philosopher, polymath, poet, and astrologer, who is said to have lived between the 8th and 12th centuries CE.
Kitarō_Nishida	Kitarō Nishida	Q45125	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitar%C5%8D_Nishida	19th century		Kitarō Nishida was a Japanese moral philosopher, philosopher of mathematics and science, and religious scholar.
Kiyoshi_Miki	Kiyoshi Miki	Q1894578	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyoshi_Miki	19th century		Kiyoshi Miki was a Japanese philosopher, literary critic, scholar and university professor.
Konstantin_Aksakov	Konstantin Aksakov	Q722730	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Aksakov	19th century		Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov was a Russian critic and writer.
Konstantin_Kavelin	Konstantin Kavelin	Q2993155	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Kavelin	19th century		Konstantin Dmitrievich Kavelin was a Russian historian, jurist, and sociologist, sometimes called the chief architect of early Russian liberalism.
Konstantin_Leontiev	Konstantin Leontiev	Q542090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Leontiev	19th century		Konstantin Nikolayevich Leontiev, monastic name: Clement was a conservative tsarist and imperial monarchist Russian philosopher who advocated closer cultural ties between Russia and the East against what he believed to be the West's catastrophic egalitarian, utilitarian and revolutionary influences.
Konstantin_Pobedonostsev	Konstantin Pobedonostsev	Q359754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Pobedonostsev	19th century		Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev was a Russian jurist and statesman who served as an adviser to three Russian emperors.
Kumazawa_Banzan	Kumazawa Banzan	Q1037304	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumazawa_Banzan	17th century		Kumazawa Banzan was a Japanese Confucian.
Kumārila_Bhaṭṭa	Kumārila Bhaṭṭa	Q774847	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa	1st through 10th centuries		Kumarila Bhatta was a Hindu philosopher and a scholar of Mimamsa school of philosophy from early medieval India.
Kundakunda	Kundakunda	Q3277993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundakunda	1st through 10th centuries		Kundakunda is the name given to the author or authors of sixteen influential Digambara texts, including Niyamasāra, Pañcāstikāyasāra, Samayasāra, and Pravacanasāra.
Kuno_Fischer	Kuno Fischer	Q61255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuno_Fischer	19th century		Ernst Kuno Berthold Fischer was a German philosopher and historian of philosophy.
Kurt_Grelling	Kurt Grelling	Q87284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Grelling	19th century		Kurt Grelling was a German logician and philosopher, member of the Berlin Circle.
Kurt_Lewin	Kurt Lewin	Q77106	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Lewin	19th century		Kurt Zadek Lewin or Kurt Tsadek Lewin was a German-American psychologist, known as one of the modern pioneers of social, organizational, and applied psychology in the United States.
Kūkai	Kūkai	Q222227	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%ABkai	1st through 10th centuries		Kūkai, born Saeki no Mao posthumously called Kōbō Daishi, was a Japanese Buddhist monk, calligrapher, and poet who founded the esoteric Shingon school of Buddhism.
L._E._J._Brouwer	L. E. J. Brouwer	Q155887	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._E._J._Brouwer	19th century	logicians	Luitzen Egbertus Jan "Bertus" Brouwer was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis.
Lady_Mary_Shepherd	Lady Mary Shepherd	Q6470434	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Mary_Shepherd	18th century		Lady Mary Shepherd, was a Scottish philosopher who published two philosophical books, one in 1824 and one in 1827.
Laetitia_Matilda_Hawkins	Laetitia Matilda Hawkins	Q6471146	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laetitia_Matilda_Hawkins	18th century		Laetitia Matilda Hawkins was an English novelist, associated with Twickenham.
Laozi	Laozi	Q9333	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laozi	centuries BC		Laozi is the name traditionally given to an ancient Chinese philosopher, also identified as Li Er or Lao Dan, who is regarded as the author or originating teacher associated with the Tao Te Ching, one of the foundational texts of Taoism.
Laurens_Perseus_Hickok	Laurens Perseus Hickok	Q1808043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurens_Perseus_Hickok	18th century		Laurens Perseus Hickok, American philosopher and divine, was born in Connecticut.
Leo_Strauss	Leo Strauss	Q77144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Strauss	19th century	social and political philosophers	Leo Strauss was a German-American political philosopher and historian of philosophy whose work greatly influenced twentieth-century political theory in the United States and the study of classical political thought.
Leo_Tolstoy	Leo Tolstoy	Q7243	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy	19th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (; Russian: Лев Николаевич Толстой, IPA: [ˈlʲef nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj] ; 9 September [O.S.
Leon_Battista_Alberti	Leon Battista Alberti	Q182046	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti	15th and 16th centuries		Leon Battista Alberti was an Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer; he epitomised the nature of those identified now as polymaths.
Leon_Chwistek	Leon Chwistek	Q711431	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Chwistek	19th century	logicians	Leon Chwistek was a Polish logician, philosopher, mathematician, avant-garde painter, theoretician of modern art and literary critic.
Leon_Petrażycki	Leon Petrażycki	Q1818913	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Petra%C5%BCycki	19th century		Leon Petrażycki was a Russian and Polish philosopher, legal scholar, and sociologist, deputy of the first State Duma of Russian Empire.
Leon_Trotsky	Leon Trotsky	Q33391	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Trotsky	19th century		Lev Davidovich Trotsky, better known as Leon Trotsky, was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and political theorist.
Leonard_Hobhouse	Leonard Hobhouse	Q263531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Hobhouse	19th century		Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, FBA was a British liberal political theorist and sociologist, who has been considered one of the leading and earliest proponents of social liberalism.
Leonard_Nelson	Leonard Nelson	Q65181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Nelson	19th century		Leonard Nelson, sometimes spelt Leonhard, was a German mathematician, critical philosopher, and socialist.
Leopold_Kronecker	Leopold Kronecker	Q76410	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Kronecker	19th century	logicians	Leopold Kronecker was a German mathematician who worked on number theory, abstract algebra and logic, and criticized Georg Cantor's work on set theory.
Leslie_Stephen	Leslie Stephen	Q740657	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Stephen	19th century	ethicists	Sir Leslie Stephen was an English author, critic, historian, biographer, mountaineer, and an Ethical movement activist.
Leucippus	Leucippus	Q165589	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucippus	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Leucippus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.
Lev_Shestov	Lev Shestov	Q314189	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Shestov	19th century		Lev Isaakovich Shestov, born Yeguda Lev Shvartsman, was a Russian existentialist and religious philosopher.
Lev_Vygotsky	Lev Vygotsky	Q180819	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky	19th century		Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky was a Russian and Soviet psychologist, best known for his work on psychological development in children and creating the framework known as cultural-historical activity theory.
Lewis_Carroll	Lewis Carroll	Q38082	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll	19th century	logicians	Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, poet, mathematician, photographer, and Anglican deacon.
Li_Ao_(philosopher)	Li Ao (philosopher)	Q700284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Ao_(philosopher)	1st through 10th centuries		Li Ao, courtesy name Xizhi, was a Chinese philosopher and prose writer of the Tang dynasty.
Li_Kui_(legalist)	Li Kui (legalist)	Q716190	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Kui_(legalist)	centuries BC		Li Kui was a Chinese hydraulic engineer, philosopher, and politician.
Li_Si	Li Si	Q152919	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Si	centuries BC		Li Si was a Chinese calligrapher, philosopher, and official of the Qin dynasty.
Liang_Qichao	Liang Qichao	Q379836	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Qichao	19th century		Liang Qichao was a Chinese politician, social and political activist, journalist, and intellectual.
Liang_Shuming	Liang Shuming	Q1167488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Shuming	19th century		Liang Shuming, born Liang Huanding, courtesy name Shouming, was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer in the Rural Reconstruction Movement during the late Qing dynasty and early Republican eras of Chinese history.
Linji_Yixuan	Linji Yixuan	Q326950	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linji_Yixuan	1st through 10th centuries		Linji Yixuan was a Tang dynasty Chinese monk and teacher of the Hongzhou school of Chinese Chan.
Liu_An	Liu An	Q704525	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_An	centuries BC		Liú Ān was a Chinese monarch, philosopher and cartographer.
Liu_Shaoqi	Liu Shaoqi	Q16988	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Shaoqi	19th century		Liu Shaoqi was a Chinese revolutionary and politician.
Lopamudra	Lopamudra	Q6676109	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopamudra	centuries BC		Lopamudra, also known as Kaveri, Kaushitaki and Varaprada, was a philosopher according to ancient Vedic Indian literature.
Lorenz_Oken	Lorenz Oken	Q55069834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_Oken	18th century		Lorenz Oken was a German naturalist, botanist, biologist, and ornithologist.
Lorenzo_Valla	Lorenzo Valla	Q214115	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla	15th and 16th centuries	logicians	Lorenzo Valla was an Italian Renaissance humanist scholar, rhetorician, educator, and Catholic priest.
Louis_Couturat	Louis Couturat	Q20724	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Couturat	19th century		Louis Couturat was a French logician, mathematician, philosopher, and linguist.
Louis_de_Bonald	Louis de Bonald	Q316674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald	18th century		Louis Gabriel Ambroise, Vicomte de Bonald was a French philosopher and politician.
Louis_de_La_Forge	Louis de La Forge	Q2617364	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_La_Forge	17th century		Louis de La Forge was a French physician and philosopher who in his Tractatus de mente humana expounded the doctrine of occasionalism.
Lu_Ban	Lu Ban	Q574184	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu_Ban	centuries BC		Lu Ban was an ancient Chinese master carpenter, architect, structural engineer and inventor during the Spring and Autumn period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
Lu_Jiuyuan	Lu Jiuyuan	Q2466384	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu_Jiuyuan	11th through 14th centuries		Lu Jiuyuan, or Lu Xiangshan, was a Chinese philosopher and writer who founded the school of the universal mind, the second most influential Neo-Confucian school.
Luc_de_Clapiers,_marquis_de_Vauvenargues	Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues	Q551730	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc_de_Clapiers,_marquis_de_Vauvenargues	18th century		Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues was a French writer and moralist.
Lucian	Lucian	Q177847	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucian	1st through 10th centuries		Lucian of Samosata was a Hellenized Syrian satirist, rhetorician and pamphleteer who is best known for his characteristic tongue-in-cheek style, with which he frequently ridiculed philosophers and priests, speculative beliefs about the nature of the universe, religious practices, and superstitions.
Lucien_Lévy-Bruhl	Lucien Lévy-Bruhl	Q324932	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucien_L%C3%A9vy-Bruhl	19th century		Lucien Lévy-Bruhl was a French scholar trained in philosophy who furthered anthropology with his contributions to the budding fields of sociology and ethnology.
Lucilio_Vanini	Lucilio Vanini	Q553128	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucilio_Vanini	15th and 16th centuries		Lucilio Vanini, who, in his works, styled himself Giulio Cesare Vanini, was an Italian philosopher, physician and free-thinker, who was one of the first significant representatives of intellectual libertinism.
Lucius_Annaeus_Cornutus	Lucius Annaeus Cornutus	Q507036	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Annaeus_Cornutus	1st through 10th centuries		Lucius Annaeus Cornutus was a Stoic philosopher who flourished in the reign of Nero, when his house in Rome was a school of philosophy.
Lucretius	Lucretius	Q47154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucretius	centuries BC		Titus Lucretius Carus was a Roman poet and philosopher.
Ludwig_Boltzmann	Ludwig Boltzmann	Q84296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann	19th century		Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann was an Austrian mathematician and theoretical physicist.
Ludwig_Büchner	Ludwig Büchner	Q62831	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_B%C3%BCchner	19th century		Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner was a German philosopher, physiologist and physician who became one of the exponents of 19th-century scientific materialism.
Ludwig_Feuerbach	Ludwig Feuerbach	Q76422	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Feuerbach	19th century		Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach was a German philosopher and anthropologist who was a leading figure among the Young Hegelians.
Ludwig_Wittgenstein	Ludwig Wittgenstein	Q9391	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein	19th century	epistemologists, logicians, metaphysicians	Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein ( VIT-gən-styne; Austrian German: [ˈluːdvɪk ˈjoːsɛf ˈjoːhan ˈvɪtɡn̩ʃtaɪn]; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austro-British philosopher who worked in logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language.
Ludwig_von_Mises	Ludwig von Mises	Q84233	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises	19th century	social and political philosophers	Ludwig Heinrich von Mises was an Austrian and American political economist and philosopher of the Austrian school.
Luigi_Guido_Grandi	Luigi Guido Grandi	Q982368	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Guido_Grandi	17th century		Dom Guido Grandi, was an Italian monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer.
Luis_de_Molina	Luis de Molina	Q436077	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_de_Molina	15th and 16th centuries		Luis de Molina was a Spanish Jesuit priest, jurist, economist and theologian renowned for his contributions to philosophy and economics within the framework of the second scholasticism.
Lysander_Spooner	Lysander Spooner	Q538091	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysander_Spooner	19th century	social and political philosophers	Lysander Spooner was an American abolitionist, entrepreneur, lawyer, essayist, natural rights legal theorist, pamphleteer, political philosopher, and writer often associated with the Boston anarchist tradition.
Léon_Brunschvicg	Léon Brunschvicg	Q951066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg	19th century		Léon Brunschvicg was a French philosopher.
Macrobius	Macrobius	Q313934	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrobius	1st through 10th centuries		Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, usually referred to as Macrobius, was a Roman provincial who lived during the early fifth century, during late antiquity, the period of time corresponding to the later Roman Empire, and when Latin was as widespread as Greek among the elite.
Madhava_Tirtha	Madhava Tirtha	Q66309779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhava_Tirtha	11th through 14th centuries		Madhava Tirtha was a Hindu philosopher, scholar and the third pontiff of Madhvacharya peetha, from 1333 to 1350, succeeding Narahari Tirtha.
Madhvacharya	Madhvacharya	Q335371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhvacharya	11th through 14th centuries		Madhvacharya, also known as Purna Prajna and Ānanda Tīrtha, was an Indian philosopher, theologian and the chief proponent of the Dvaita school of Vedanta.
Mahapurna	Mahapurna	Q85009486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahapurna	11th through 14th centuries		Mahapurna, also called Periyanambi, was one of the teachers and maternal uncle of the medieval Vaishnava philosopher Ramanuja.
Mahatma_Gandhi	Mahatma Gandhi	Q1001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi	19th century		Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( GAN-dee; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule, and to later inspire movements for civil righ
Maimonides	Maimonides	Q127398	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maimonides	11th through 14th centuries	ethicists, metaphysicians	Moses ben Maimon, commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam, was a Sephardic Jewish rabbi who is widely acknowledged as one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.
Maine_de_Biran	Maine de Biran	Q382582	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_de_Biran	18th century		François-Pierre-Gontier de Biran, better known as Maine de Biran, was a French philosopher.
Maitreyi	Maitreyi	Q4986009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitreyi	centuries BC		Maitreyi was an Indian philosopher who lived during the later Vedic period in ancient India.
Makkhali_Gosala	Makkhali Gosala	Q2701335	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkhali_Gosala	centuries BC		Makkhali Gosala or Manthaliputra Goshalak was an ascetic ajivika teacher of ancient India.
Mamaidev	Mamaidev	Q6745398	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamaidev	11th through 14th centuries		Mamai Dev was a religious teacher or guru of Maheshwari Meghawal Samaj and Raajguru of Jadeja Dynasty.
Manilal_Dwivedi	Manilal Dwivedi	Q6749728	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilal_Dwivedi	19th century		Manilal Nabhubhai Dwivedi was a Gujarati-language writer, philosopher, and social thinker from British India, commonly referred to as Manilal in literary circles.
Manuel_Chrysoloras	Manuel Chrysoloras	Q434356	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Chrysoloras	11th through 14th centuries		Manuel Chrysoloras was a Byzantine Greek classical scholar, humanist, philosopher, professor, and translator of ancient Greek texts during the Renaissance.
Mao_Zedong	Mao Zedong	Q5816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong	19th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Mao Zedong was a Chinese communist revolutionary, political theorist and the founder of the People's Republic of China.
Marcelino_Menéndez_y_Pelayo	Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo	Q716799	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_y_Pelayo	19th century		Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo was a Spanish scholar, historian and literary critic.
Marcus_Aurelius	Marcus Aurelius	Q1430	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius	1st through 10th centuries		Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher.
Margaret_Cavendish,_Duchess_of_Newcastle-upon-Tyne	Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne	Q242640	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Cavendish,_Duchess_of_Newcastle-upon-Tyne	17th century		Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was an English natural philosopher, poet, fiction writer, and playwright.
Maria_Montessori	Maria Montessori	Q131117	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Montessori	19th century		Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori was an Italian physician and educator best known for her philosophy of education and her writing on scientific pedagogy.
Marin_Mersenne	Marin Mersenne	Q188663	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Mersenne	15th and 16th centuries		Marin Mersenne, OM was a French polymath whose works touched a wide variety of fields.
Markandeya	Markandeya	Q249381	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markandeya	centuries BC		Markandeya is a rishi featured in Hindu literature.
Marquis_de_Condorcet	Marquis de Condorcet	Q201477	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet	18th century		Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet, known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher, political economist, politician, and mathematician.
Marquis_de_Sade	Marquis de Sade	Q123867	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade	18th century	ethicists	Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade ( SAD; French: [dɔnasjɛ̃ alfɔ̃s fʁɑ̃swa maʁki də sad]; 2 June 1740 – 2 December 1814) was a French writer, libertine, political activist, and nobleman best known for his libertine novels and imprisonment for sex crimes, blasphemy, and pornography.
Marsilio_Ficino	Marsilio Ficino	Q192374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino	15th and 16th centuries	epistemologists, metaphysicians	Marsilio Ficino was an Italian scholar and Catholic priest who was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance.
Marsilius_of_Inghen	Marsilius of Inghen	Q704472	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsilius_of_Inghen	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	Marsilius of Inghen was a Dutch philosopher of the later Middle Ages who studied with Albert of Saxony and Nicole Oresme under Jean Buridan.
Marsilius_of_Padua	Marsilius of Padua	Q315357	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsilius_of_Padua	11th through 14th centuries		Marsilius of Padua was an Italian scholar, trained in medicine, who practised a variety of professions.
Martin_Buber	Martin Buber	Q84423	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Buber	19th century	ethicists	Martin Buber was an Austrian-Israeli philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, a form of existentialism centered on the distinction between the I–Thou relationship and the I–It relationship.
Martin_Heidegger	Martin Heidegger	Q48301	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heidegger	19th century	ethicists, metaphysicians	Martin Heidegger was a German philosopher whose work was central to the development of phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism.
Martin_Knutzen	Martin Knutzen	Q70793	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Knutzen	18th century		Martin Knutzen was a German philosopher, a follower of Christian Wolff and teacher of Immanuel Kant, to whom he introduced the physics of Isaac Newton.
Martin_Luther	Martin Luther	Q9554	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther	15th and 16th centuries		Martin Luther was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and former Augustinian friar.
Mary_Astell	Mary Astell	Q2359434	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Astell	17th century		Mary Astell was an English proto-feminist author, philosopher, and rhetorician who advocated for equal educational opportunities for women.
Mary_Baker_Eddy	Mary Baker Eddy	Q235069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy	19th century		Mary Baker Eddy was an American religious leader and author, who in 1879 founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, the Mother Church of the Christian Science movement.
Mary_Hays	Mary Hays	Q1797831	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Hays	18th century		Mary Hays was an autodidact intellectual who published essays, poetry, novels and several works on famous women.
Mary_Whiton_Calkins	Mary Whiton Calkins	Q988129	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins	19th century		Mary Whiton Calkins was an American philosopher and psychologist, whose work informed theory and research of memory, dreams and the self.
Mary_Wollstonecraft	Mary Wollstonecraft	Q101638	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft	18th century		Mary Wollstonecraft was an English writer and philosopher best known for her advocacy of women's rights.
Matthew_Tindal	Matthew Tindal	Q1381974	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Tindal	17th century		Matthew Tindal was an eminent English deist author.
Matthew_of_Aquasparta	Matthew of Aquasparta	Q1346310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_of_Aquasparta	11th through 14th centuries		Matthew of Aquasparta was an Italian Friar Minor and scholastic philosopher.
Maurice_Blondel	Maurice Blondel	Q364310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Blondel	19th century		Maurice Blondel was a French philosopher, whose most influential works, notably L'Action, aimed at establishing the correct relationship between autonomous philosophical reasoning and Christian belief.
Max_Horkheimer	Max Horkheimer	Q76826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Horkheimer	19th century	social and political philosophers	Max Horkheimer was a German philosopher and sociologist best known for his role in developing critical theory as director of the Institute for Social Research, commonly associated with the Frankfurt School.
Max_Müller	Max Müller	Q60074	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller	19th century		Friedrich Max Müller was a German-born British comparative philologist and Orientalist.
Max_Planck	Max Planck	Q9021	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck	19th century		Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was a German theoretical physicist.
Max_Scheler	Max Scheler	Q76521	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Scheler	19th century	ethicists	Max Ferdinand Scheler was a German philosopher known for his work in phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology.
Max_Stirner	Max Stirner	Q76725	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Stirner	19th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Johann Caspar Schmidt, known by the pen name Max Stirner, was a German philosopher, dealing mainly with the Hegelian notion of social alienation and self-consciousness.
Max_Weber	Max Weber	Q9387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber	19th century	social and political philosophers	Maximilian Carl Emil Weber was a German sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economist who was one of the central figures in the development of sociology and the social sciences more generally.
Mazdak	Mazdak	Q272300	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazdak	1st through 10th centuries	social and political philosophers	Mazdak was an Iranian mobad and social reformer who rose to prominence during the reign of the Sasanian emperor Kavadh I.
Meister_Eckhart	Meister Eckhart	Q76548	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meister_Eckhart	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Eckhart von Hochheim, commonly known as Meister Eckhart, was a German Catholic priest, theologian, philosopher and mystic.
Melissus_of_Samos	Melissus of Samos	Q233711	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melissus_of_Samos	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Melissus of Samos was the third and last member of the ancient school of Eleatic philosophy, whose other members included Zeno and Parmenides.
Mencius	Mencius	Q188903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mencius	centuries BC	epistemologists, ethicists, social and political philosophers	Mencius, born Meng Ke, was a Chinese Confucian philosopher, often described as the Second Sage to reflect his traditional esteem relative to Confucius himself.
Menedemus	Menedemus	Q990589	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menedemus	centuries BC	ethicists	Menedemus of Eretria was a Greek philosopher and founder of the Eretrian school.
Metrocles	Metrocles	Q1287486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrocles	centuries BC		Metrocles was a Cynic philosopher from Maroneia.
Metrodorus_of_Chios	Metrodorus of Chios	Q535769	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrodorus_of_Chios	centuries BC		Metrodorus of Chios was a Greek philosopher, belonging to the school of Democritus, and an important forerunner of Epicurus.
Metrodorus_of_Lampsacus_(the_elder)	Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder)	Q539514	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrodorus_of_Lampsacus_(the_elder)	centuries BC		Metrodorus of Lampsacus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from town of Lampsacus on the eastern shore of the Hellespont.
Metrodorus_of_Lampsacus_(the_younger)	Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger)	Q780259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrodorus_of_Lampsacus_(the_younger)	centuries BC		Metrodorus of Lampsacus was a Greek philosopher of the Epicurean school.
Metrodorus_of_Stratonicea	Metrodorus of Stratonicea	Q203911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrodorus_of_Stratonicea	centuries BC		Metrodorus of Stratonikeia was at first a disciple of Epicureanism, but afterwards attached himself to Carneades.
Michael_Karinski	Michael Karinski	Q1483866	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Karinski	19th century		Michael Ivanovich Karinski was a Russian philosopher.
Michael_Polanyi	Michael Polanyi	Q163087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Polanyi	19th century		Michael Polanyi was a Hungarian-British polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy.
Michael_Psellos	Michael Psellos	Q294109	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Psellos	11th through 14th centuries		Michael Psellos or Psellus was a Byzantine monk, savant, writer, philosopher, imperial courtier, historian, and music theorist.
Michael_Sendivogius	Michael Sendivogius	Q552684	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius	15th and 16th centuries		Michael Sendivogius was a Polish alchemist, philosopher, and physician.
Michel_de_Montaigne	Michel de Montaigne	Q41568	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne	15th and 16th centuries	epistemologists	Michel Eyquem, Seigneur de Montaigne, commonly known as just Michel de Montaigne, was one of the most significant writers of the French Renaissance.
Michelangelo_Fardella	Michelangelo Fardella	Q2262516	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo_Fardella	17th century		Michelangelo Fardella was an Italian philosopher and mathematician.
Miguel_de_Unamuno	Miguel de Unamuno	Q185085	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno	19th century		Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo was a Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher and academic.
Mikhail_Bakhtin	Mikhail Bakhtin	Q185375	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin	19th century		Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin was a Russian philosopher and literary critic who worked on the philosophy of language, ethics, and literary theory.
Mikhail_Bakunin	Mikhail Bakunin	Q27645	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin	19th century	social and political philosophers	Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin was a Russian revolutionary anarchist and political philosopher.
Milan_Vidmar	Milan Vidmar	Q357798	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Vidmar	19th century		Milan Vidmar was a Yugoslav-Slovenian electrical engineer, chess player, chess theorist, and writer.
Mir_Damad	Mir Damad	Q3315763	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_Damad	15th and 16th centuries		Seyyed Mir Mohammad Baqer Astarabadi, commonly known as Mīr Dāmād, was an Iranian Twelver Shia philosopher in the Neoplatonizing Islamic Peripatetic traditions of Avicenna.
Miskawayh	Miskawayh	Q481384	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miskawayh	1st through 10th centuries		Ibn Miskuyah, full name Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb Miskawayh al-Rāzī was a Persian chancery official of the Buyid era, and philosopher and historian from Parandak, Iran.
Montesquieu	Montesquieu	Q15975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu	17th century		Charles Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French jurist, historian, and political philosopher.
Mordecai_Kaplan	Mordecai Kaplan	Q555541	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Kaplan	19th century		Mordecai Menahem Kaplan was an American Conservative rabbi, writer, Jewish educator, professor, theologian-philosopher, activist, and religious leader who founded the Reconstructionist movement of Judaism with his son-in-law, Rabbi Ira Eisenstein.
Moritz_Lazarus	Moritz Lazarus	Q544428	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz_Lazarus	19th century		Moritz Lazarus, born at Filehne, in the Grand Duchy of Posen, was a German-Jewish philosopher, psychologist, and a vocal opponent of the antisemitism of his time.
Moritz_Schlick	Moritz Schlick	Q57193	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz_Schlick	19th century	ethicists	Friedrich Albert Moritz Schlick was a German philosopher, physicist, and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle.
Moses_Hess	Moses Hess	Q213565	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Hess	19th century		Moses Hess was a German-Jewish philosopher, a writer on socialism, and in later life, a forerunner of the political movement that became known as Zionism.
Moses_Mendelssohn	Moses Mendelssohn	Q76997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Mendelssohn	18th century		Moses Mendelssohn was a German-Jewish philosopher and theologian.
Moses_ibn_Ezra	Moses ibn Ezra	Q719393	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_ibn_Ezra	11th through 14th centuries		Moses ben Jacob ibn Ezra, known as Ha-Sallaḥ was an Andalusi Jewish rabbi, philosopher, linguist, and poet.
Moses_of_Narbonne	Moses of Narbonne	Q1852000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_of_Narbonne	11th through 14th centuries		Moses ben Joshua of Narbonne, also known as Moses of Narbonne, mestre Vidal Bellshom, maestro Vidal Blasom, and Moses Narboni, was a medieval Jewish philosopher and physician born in Perpignan in the Kingdom of Majorca at the end of the thirteenth century.
Motoori_Norinaga	Motoori Norinaga	Q384647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motoori_Norinaga	18th century		Motoori Norinaga was a Japanese scholar of Kokugaku active during the Edo period.
Mozi	Mozi	Q272411	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozi	centuries BC	epistemologists, ethicists, social and political philosophers	Mozi, personal name Mo Di, was a Chinese philosopher, logician, and the founder of the Mohist school of thought, making him one of the most important figures of the Warring States period.
Muhammad_Abduh	Muhammad Abduh	Q311826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh	19th century		Muhammad Abduh was an Egyptian Islamic scholar and judge who served as Grand Mufti of Egypt.
Muhammad_Iqbal	Muhammad Iqbal	Q484141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal	19th century	social and political philosophers	Sir Muhammad Iqbal was an Islamic philosopher and poet.
Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad_al-Nasafi	Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi	Q113852246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad_al-Nasafi	1st through 10th centuries		Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Bazdawi al-Nasafi was an early 10th-century Isma'ili missionary and theologian.
Mulla_Sadra	Mulla Sadra	Q2010955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulla_Sadra	15th and 16th centuries		Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā, was an Iranian Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher, theologian, and ‘Ālim who led the cultural renaissance in the country during the 17th century.
Nachman_Krochmal	Nachman Krochmal	Q85942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachman_Krochmal	18th century		Nachman HaKohen Krochmal was a Jewish Galician philosopher, theologian, and historian.
Nachmanides	Nachmanides	Q355455	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachmanides	11th through 14th centuries		Moses ben Nachman, commonly known as Nachmanides, and also referred to by the acronym Ramban and by the contemporary nickname Bonastruc ça Porta, was a leading medieval Jewish scholar, Spanish rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator.
Nagarjuna	Nagarjuna	Q171195	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarjuna	1st through 10th centuries	logicians	Nāgārjuna was an Indian scholar-monk, philosopher, and teacher of Mahayana Buddhism from south India.
Nagasena	Nagasena	Q127035	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagasena	centuries BC		Nāgasena was a Sarvāstivādan Buddhist sage who lived around 150 BC.
Narahari_Tirtha	Narahari Tirtha	Q6965276	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha	11th through 14th centuries		Narahari Tirtha was a Dvaita philosopher, scholar, statesman and one of the disciples of Madhvacharya.
Narayana_Guru	Narayana Guru	Q1260858	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayana_Guru	19th century		Sree Narayana Guru was a philosopher, spiritual leader and social reformer in India.
Narayana_Panditacharya	Narayana Panditacharya	Q16202190	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayana_Panditacharya	11th through 14th centuries		Sri Narayana Panditacharya, is an Indian scholar and philosopher in the Dvaita Vedānta tradition.
Naropa	Naropa	Q203060	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naropa	11th through 14th centuries		Nāropā was an Indian Buddhist Mahasiddha.
Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi	Nasir al-Din al-Tusi	Q302835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi	11th through 14th centuries		Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī, also known as Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī or simply asTusi, was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian.
Nathan_Birnbaum	Nathan Birnbaum	Q112161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Birnbaum	19th century		Nathan Birnbaum was an Austrian writer and journalist, Jewish thinker and nationalist.
Nathaniel_Culverwell	Nathaniel Culverwell	Q2725559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Culverwell	17th century		Nathaniel Culverwell was an English author and theologian, born in Middlesex.
Nemesius	Nemesius	Q960345	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesius	1st through 10th centuries		Nemesius of Emesa was a Christian philosopher, and the author of a treatise Περὶ φύσεως ἀνθρώπου or De natura hominis.
Niccolò_Machiavelli	Niccolò Machiavelli	Q1399	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli	15th and 16th centuries	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was a Florentine diplomat, author, philosopher, and historian who lived during the Italian Renaissance.
Nichiren	Nichiren	Q311478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichiren	11th through 14th centuries		Nichiren was a Japanese Buddhist monk and philosopher of the Kamakura period.
Nicholas_of_Autrecourt	Nicholas of Autrecourt	Q331322	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_of_Autrecourt	11th through 14th centuries		Nicholas of Autrecourt was a French medieval philosopher and Scholastic theologian.
Nicholas_of_Cusa	Nicholas of Cusa	Q154751	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa	15th and 16th centuries		Nicholas of Cusa, also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus, was a German Catholic bishop and polymath active as a philosopher, theologian, jurist, mathematician, and astronomer.
Nicolai_Hartmann	Nicolai Hartmann	Q76501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolai_Hartmann	19th century	metaphysicians	Paul Nicolai Hartmann was a German philosopher.
Nicolas_Malebranche	Nicolas Malebranche	Q309818	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche	17th century	epistemologists, metaphysicians	Nicolas Malebranche was a French Oratorian Catholic priest and rationalist philosopher.
Nicolaus_Copernicus	Nicolaus Copernicus	Q619	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus	15th and 16th centuries		Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.
Nicolaus_Taurellus	Nicolaus Taurellus	Q324420	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Taurellus	15th and 16th centuries		Nicolaus Taurellus was a German philosopher and medical academic.
Nicole_Oresme	Nicole Oresme	Q310777	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Oresme	11th through 14th centuries		Nicole Oresme, also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, was a French philosopher of the later Middle Ages.
Nicoletto_Vernia	Nicoletto Vernia	Q3876500	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicoletto_Vernia	15th and 16th centuries		Nicoletto Vernia was an Italian Averroist philosopher, at the University of Padua.
Niels_Bohr	Niels Bohr	Q7085	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr	19th century		Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.
Nikolai_Berdyaev	Nikolai Berdyaev	Q184656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Berdyaev	19th century	metaphysicians	Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev was a Russian philosopher, theologian, and Christian existentialist who emphasized the existential spiritual significance of human freedom and the human person.
Nikolai_Fyodorov_(philosopher)	Nikolai Fyodorov (philosopher)	Q463723	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Fyodorov_(philosopher)	19th century		Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov was a Russian religious philosopher, futurologist, library scientist, and educator.
Nikolay_Chernyshevsky	Nikolay Chernyshevsky	Q192331	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky	19th century		Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky was a Russian literary and social critic, journalist, novelist, democrat, and socialist philosopher, often identified as a utopian socialist and leading theoretician of Russian nihilism and the Narodniks.
Nikolay_Danilevsky	Nikolay Danilevsky	Q120664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Danilevsky	19th century		Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky was a Russian naturalist, economist, ethnologist, philosopher, historian and ideologue of pan-Slavism and the Slavophile movement.
Nikolay_Lossky	Nikolay Lossky	Q380256	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Lossky	19th century		Nikolay Onufriyevich Lossky, also known as N.
Nikolay_Mikhaylovsky	Nikolay Mikhaylovsky	Q770682	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Mikhaylovsky	19th century		Nikolay Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky was a Russian literary critic, sociologist, writer on public affairs, and one of the theoreticians of the Narodniki movement.
Nishi_Amane	Nishi Amane	Q906354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishi_Amane	19th century		Baron Nishi Amane was a Japanese philosopher.
Norman_Kemp_Smith	Norman Kemp Smith	Q3394805	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Kemp_Smith	19th century		Norman Kemp Smith was a Scottish philosopher who was Professor of Psychology and Philosophy at Princeton University and was Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Edinburgh.
Norman_Robert_Campbell	Norman Robert Campbell	Q7052742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Robert_Campbell	19th century		Norman Robert Campbell was an English physicist and philosopher of science.
Novalis	Novalis	Q60684	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novalis	18th century		Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg, better known by his pen name Novalis, was a German aristocrat and polymath, who was a poet, novelist, philosopher and mystic.
Numenius_of_Apamea	Numenius of Apamea	Q707344	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numenius_of_Apamea	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Numenius of Apamea was a Greek philosopher, who lived in Rome, and flourished during the latter half of the 2nd century AD.
Oets_Kolk_Bouwsma	Oets Kolk Bouwsma	Q7078716	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oets_Kolk_Bouwsma	19th century		Oets Kolk Bouwsma was an American analytic philosopher.
Ogyū_Sorai	Ogyū Sorai	Q369158	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogy%C5%AB_Sorai	17th century	social and political philosophers	Ogyū Sorai (荻生 徂徠; Japanese pronunciation: [o.ɡʲɯː soꜜ.ɾai, o.ŋʲɯː-], March 21, 1666 – February 28, 1728), pen name Butsusorai/Bussorai, was a Japanese historian, philologist, philosopher, and translator.
Olaf_Stapledon	Olaf Stapledon	Q337373	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Stapledon	19th century	ethicists	William Olaf Stapledon was an English philosopher and author of science fiction.
Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr.	Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.	Q360574	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr.	19th century	social and political philosophers	Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. was an American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S.
Olympiodorus_the_Younger	Olympiodorus the Younger	Q974775	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiodorus_the_Younger	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Olympiodorus the Younger was a Neoplatonic philosopher, astrologer and teacher who lived in the early years of the Byzantine Empire, after Justinian's Decree of 529 AD which closed Plato's Academy in Athens and other pagan schools.
Omar_Khayyam	Omar Khayyam	Q35900	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Khayyam	11th through 14th centuries		Omar Khayyam was a Persian poet and polymath, known for his contributions to mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and Persian literature.
Orestes_Brownson	Orestes Brownson	Q1850093	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orestes_Brownson	19th century		Orestes Augustus Brownson was an American intellectual, activist, preacher, labor organizer, and writer.
Origen	Origen	Q170472	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origen	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Origen of Alexandria, also known as Origen Adamantius, was an early Christian theologian and ascetic.
Oskar_Becker	Oskar Becker	Q72074	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Becker	19th century		Oskar Becker was a German philosopher, logician, mathematician, and historian of mathematics.
Ostanes	Ostanes	Q740989	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostanes	centuries BC		Ostanes, also spelled Hostanes and Osthanes, is a legendary Persian magus and alchemist.
Oswald_Spengler	Oswald Spengler	Q57112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Spengler	19th century	social and political philosophers	Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler was a German polymath whose areas of interest included history, philosophy, mathematics, science, and art, as well as their relation to his organic theory of history.
Othmar_Spann	Othmar Spann	Q79151	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othmar_Spann	19th century		Othmar Spann was a conservative Austrian philosopher, sociologist and economist.
Otto_Neurath	Otto Neurath	Q78570	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Neurath	19th century		Otto Karl Wilhelm Neurath was an Austrian-born philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist.
Otto_Weininger	Otto Weininger	Q78513	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Weininger	19th century	ethicists	Otto Weininger was an Austrian philosopher who in 1903 published the book Geschlecht und Charakter, which gained popularity after his suicide at the age of 23.
Otto_von_Gierke	Otto von Gierke	Q61652	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Gierke	19th century		Otto Friedrich von Gierke, born Otto Friedrich Gierke, was a German legal scholar and historian.
P._D._Ouspensky	P. D. Ouspensky	Q434266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._D._Ouspensky	19th century		Pyotr Demyanovich Uspensky, known in English as P.
Padmanabha_Tirtha	Padmanabha Tirtha	Q7123849	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padmanabha_Tirtha	11th through 14th centuries		Padmanabha Tirtha was an Indian Dvaita philosopher, scholar and the disciple of Madhvacharya.
Pakudha_Kaccayana	Pakudha Kaccayana	Q6135087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakudha_Kaccayana	centuries BC		Pakudha Kaccāyana was an Indian teacher and philosopher who lived around the 6th century BCE, contemporaneous with Mahavira and the Buddha.
Panaetius	Panaetius	Q297420	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaetius	centuries BC		Panaetius of Rhodes was an ancient Greek Stoic philosopher.
Pantaleo_Carabellese	Pantaleo Carabellese	Q777388	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantaleo_Carabellese	19th century		Pantaleo Carabellese was an Italian philosopher.
Paracelsus	Paracelsus	Q83428	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus	15th and 16th centuries		Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim, known as Paracelsus, was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance.
Parashara	Parashara	Q2668205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parashara	centuries BC		Parashara is a historical maharishi and is credited as the author of multiple ancient Indian texts, including the original Vishnu Purana, before his son Vyasa rewrote it.
Parmenides	Parmenides	Q125551	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmenides	centuries BC	epistemologists, metaphysicians	Parmenides of Elea was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia.
Patanjali	Patanjali	Q231680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patanjali	centuries BC		Patanjali was the name of one or more author, mystic and philosopher in ancient India.
Paul_Carus	Paul Carus	Q729885	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Carus	19th century		Paul Carus was a German-American author, editor, philosopher, and student of comparative religion.
Paul_Deussen	Paul Deussen	Q26714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Deussen	19th century		Paul Jakob Deussen was a German Indologist and professor of philosophy at University of Kiel.
Paul_Häberlin	Paul Häberlin	Q116627	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_H%C3%A4berlin	19th century		Paul Häberlin was a Swiss philosopher who at different times in his career took the standpoint that either religion or theoretical knowledge was the answer to human problems.
Paul_Natorp	Paul Natorp	Q76504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Natorp	19th century		Paul Gerhard Natorp was a German philosopher and educationalist, considered one of the co-founders of the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism.
Paul_Rée	Paul Rée	Q62596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R%C3%A9e	19th century		Paul Ludwig Carl Heinrich Rée was a German author, physician, philosopher, and friend of Friedrich Nietzsche.
Paul_Tillich	Paul Tillich	Q60104	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Tillich	19th century	ethicists	Paul Johannes Tillich was a German and American Christian existentialist philosopher, religious socialist, and Lutheran theologian who was one of the most influential theologians of the twentieth century.
Paul_of_Venice	Paul of Venice	Q2064265	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_of_Venice	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	Paul of Venice was a Catholic philosopher, theologian, logician and metaphysician of the Order of Saint Augustine.
Pavel_Florensky	Pavel Florensky	Q336769	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Florensky	19th century		Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky was a Russian Orthodox theologian, priest, philosopher, mathematician, physicist, electrical engineer, inventor, polymath, neomartyr and folk saint.
Payasi	Payasi	Q7156684	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payasi	centuries BC		Pāyāsi or Paesi is a legendary king mentioned in the ancient Buddhist and Jain texts of India.
Pedro_da_Fonseca_(philosopher)	Pedro da Fonseca (philosopher)	Q1365381	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_da_Fonseca_(philosopher)	15th and 16th centuries		Pedro da Fonseca was a Portuguese Jesuit philosopher and theologian.
Pelagius	Pelagius	Q162593	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagius	1st through 10th centuries		Pelagius was a Christian theologian known as an ascetic monk and promoting a system of doctrines which emphasized human choice in salvation and denied original sin.
Percy_Williams_Bridgman	Percy Williams Bridgman	Q172118	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman	19th century		Percy Williams Bridgman was an American physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1946 for his work on the physics of high pressures.
Peter_Browne_(theologian)	Peter Browne (theologian)	Q7173007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Browne_(theologian)	17th century		Peter Browne was an Irish Anglican priest who served as the 17th Provost of Trinity College Dublin from 1699 to 1710.
Peter_Damian	Peter Damian	Q258369	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Damian	11th through 14th centuries		Peter Damian was an Italian reforming Benedictine monk and cardinal in the circle of Pope Leo IX.
Peter_John_Olivi	Peter John Olivi	Q326307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_John_Olivi	11th through 14th centuries		Peter John Olivi, also Pierre de Jean Olivi or Petrus Joannis Olivi, was a French Franciscan theologian and philosopher who, although he died professing the faith of the Roman Catholic Church, remained a controversial figure in the arguments surrounding poverty at the beginning of the 14th century.
Peter_Kropotkin	Peter Kropotkin	Q5752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin	19th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin was a Russian anarchist political philosopher and geographer known as a proponent of anarchist communism.
Peter_Lombard	Peter Lombard	Q315347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Lombard	11th through 14th centuries		Peter Lombard was an Italian scholastic theologian, Bishop of Paris, and author of the Sentences, which became the standard medieval textbook of theology.
Peter_Wessel_Zapffe	Peter Wessel Zapffe	Q958535	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Wessel_Zapffe	19th century		Peter Wessel Zapffe was a Norwegian philosopher, author, artist, lawyer and mountaineer.
Peter_of_Auvergne	Peter of Auvergne	Q2081039	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_of_Auvergne	11th through 14th centuries		Peter of Auvergne was a French philosopher and theologian.
Peter_of_Pisa	Peter of Pisa	Q1333811	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_of_Pisa	1st through 10th centuries		Peter of Pisa, also known as Petrus Grammaticus, was an Italian grammarian, deacon and poet in the Early Middle Ages.
Peter_of_Spain	Peter of Spain	Q320546	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_of_Spain	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	Peter of Hispania was the author of the Tractatus, later known as the Summulae Logicales, an important medieval university textbook on Aristotelian logic.
Peter_the_Iberian	Peter the Iberian	Q928092	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_the_Iberian	1st through 10th centuries		Peter the Iberian was a Georgian royal prince, theologian and philosopher who was a prominent figure in early Christianity and one of the founders of Christian Neoplatonism.
Petrarch	Petrarch	Q1401	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrarch	11th through 14th centuries	aestheticians	Francis Petrarch was an Italian scholar and poet of the early Italian Renaissance, as well as one of the earliest Renaissance humanists.
Petrus_Aureoli	Petrus Aureoli	Q1383191	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Aureoli	11th through 14th centuries		Petrus Aureoli, often anglicized Peter Auriol, was a scholastic philosopher and theologian.
Petrus_Ramus	Petrus Ramus	Q376124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Ramus	15th and 16th centuries	logicians	Petrus Ramus was a French humanist, logician, and educational reformer.
Pherecydes_of_Syros	Pherecydes of Syros	Q311485	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pherecydes_of_Syros	centuries BC		Pherecydes of Syros was an Ancient Greek mythographer and proto-philosopher from the island of Syros.
Philip_the_Chancellor	Philip the Chancellor	Q768555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_the_Chancellor	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Philip the Chancellor, also known as "Philippus Cancellarius Parisiensis" was a French theologian, Latin lyric poet, and possibly a composer as well.
Philipp_Frank	Philipp Frank	Q79177	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Frank	19th century		Philipp Frank was an Austrian-American physicist, mathematician and philosopher of the early-to-mid 20th century.
Philipp_Mainländer	Philipp Mainländer	Q76177	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Mainl%C3%A4nder	19th century		Philipp Mainländer was a German philosopher and poet.
Philipp_Melanchthon	Philipp Melanchthon	Q76325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon	15th and 16th centuries		Philipp Melanchthon was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, an intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and influential designer of educational systems.
Philo	Philo	Q189597	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo	centuries BC		Philo of Alexandria, also called Philō Judæus, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.
Philo_of_Larissa	Philo of Larissa	Q365110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_of_Larissa	centuries BC		Philo of Larissa was a Greek philosopher.
Philo_the_Dialectician	Philo the Dialectician	Q1366567	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_the_Dialectician	centuries BC	logicians	Philo the Dialectician was a Greek philosopher of the Megarian school.
Philodemus	Philodemus	Q451550	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philodemus	centuries BC		Philodemus of Gadara was an Epicurean philosopher and poet.
Philolaus	Philolaus	Q212338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philolaus	centuries BC		Philolaus was a Greek Pythagorean and pre-Socratic philosopher.
Philostratus	Philostratus	Q2274948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philostratus	1st through 10th centuries		Philostratus or Lucius Flavius Philostratus, called "the Athenian", was a Greek sophist of the Roman imperial period.
Photios_I_of_Constantinople	Photios I of Constantinople	Q243187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople	1st through 10th centuries		Photios I of Constantinople was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886.
Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon	Pierre-Joseph Proudhon	Q5749	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon	19th century	social and political philosophers	Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was a French anarchist, socialist, philosopher, and economist who founded mutualist philosophy and is considered by many to be the "father of anarchism".
Pierre-Simon_Ballanche	Pierre-Simon Ballanche	Q926609	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Ballanche	18th century		Pierre-Simon Ballanche was a French writer and counterrevolutionary philosopher, who elaborated a theology of progress that possessed considerable influence in French literary circles in the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Pierre-Simon_Laplace	Pierre-Simon Laplace	Q44481	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace	18th century		Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace was a French polymath, a scholar whose work has been instrumental in the fields of physics, astronomy, mathematics, engineering, statistics, and philosophy.
Pierre-Sylvain_Régis	Pierre-Sylvain Régis	Q3507055	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Sylvain_R%C3%A9gis	17th century		Pierre-Sylvain Régis was a French Cartesian philosopher and a prominent critic of Spinoza.
Pierre_Bayle	Pierre Bayle	Q214816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bayle	17th century	epistemologists	Pierre Bayle was a French philosopher, author, and lexicographer.
Pierre_Charron	Pierre Charron	Q463846	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Charron	15th and 16th centuries		Pierre Charron was a French Catholic theologian and major contributor to the new thought of the 17th century.
Pierre_Daniel_Huet	Pierre Daniel Huet	Q568497	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Daniel_Huet	17th century		Pierre Daniel Huet was a French churchman and scholar, editor of the Delphin Classics, founder of the Académie de Physique in Caen and Bishop of Soissons from 1685 to 1689 and afterwards of Avranches.
Pierre_Duhem	Pierre Duhem	Q314172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Duhem	19th century		Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem was a French theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the theory of elasticity.
Pierre_Gassendi	Pierre Gassendi	Q192315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi	15th and 16th centuries		Pierre Gassendi was a French philosopher, Catholic priest, astronomer, and mathematician.
Pierre_Hyacinthe_Azaïs	Pierre Hyacinthe Azaïs	Q2087509	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Hyacinthe_Aza%C3%AFs	18th century		Pierre Hyacinthe Azaïs was a French philosopher.
Pierre_Jean_Georges_Cabanis	Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis	Q705666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Jean_Georges_Cabanis	18th century		Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis was a French physiologist, Freemason, materialist philosopher and leading idéologue.
Pierre_Laffitte_(philosopher)	Pierre Laffitte (philosopher)	Q981459	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Laffitte_(philosopher)	19th century		Pierre Laffitte was a French positivist philosopher.
Pierre_Laromiguière	Pierre Laromiguière	Q345815	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Laromigui%C3%A8re	18th century		Pierre Laromiguière was a French philosopher.
Pierre_Leroux	Pierre Leroux	Q704649	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Leroux	18th century		Pierre Henri Leroux was a French philosopher and political economist.
Pierre_Paul_Royer-Collard	Pierre Paul Royer-Collard	Q965524	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Paul_Royer-Collard	18th century		Pierre Paul Royer-Collard was a French statesman and philosopher, leader of the Doctrinaires group during the Bourbon Restoration.
Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin	Pierre Teilhard de Chardin	Q189564	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin	19th century	metaphysicians	Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, S.J. was a French Jesuit priest, scientist, paleontologist, philosopher, mystic and teacher.
Pierre_d'Ailly	Pierre d'Ailly	Q318580	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_d%27Ailly	11th through 14th centuries		Pierre d'Ailly was a French theologian, astrologer and cardinal of the Catholic Church.
Pietro_Pomponazzi	Pietro Pomponazzi	Q318787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Pomponazzi	15th and 16th centuries		Pietro Pomponazzi was an Italian philosopher.
Pietro_Ubaldi	Pietro Ubaldi	Q1751663	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Ubaldi	19th century		Pietro Ubaldi was an Italian philosopher, theologian and teacher.
Pietro_d'Abano	Pietro d'Abano	Q313174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_d%27Abano	11th through 14th centuries		Pietro d'Abano, also known as Petrus de Apono, Petrus Aponensis or Peter of Abano, was an Italian philosopher, astrologer, and professor of medicine in Padua.
Pillai_Lokacharya	Pillai Lokacharya	Q7194114	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya	11th through 14th centuries		Vāraṇādrīśa, more commonly referred to as Pillai Lokacharya, was a prominent Sri Vaishnava leader and philosopher who authored several works important to Vishishtadvaita philosophy.
Pingala	Pingala	Q527384	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingala	centuries BC		Acharya Pingala was an ancient Indian scholar, poet, grammarian and mathematician whose master work Chandaḥśāstra, also called the Pingala Sutras, is the foundational text of Chandas—one of the six Vedāngas of traditional Indian scholarship.
Pippalada	Pippalada	Q3520660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pippalada	centuries BC		Pippalada was a sage and philosopher in Hindu tradition.
Plato	Plato	Q859	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato	centuries BC	aestheticians, epistemologists, ethicists, logicians, metaphysicians, social and political philosophers	Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher of Classical Athens who is most commonly considered the foundational thinker of the Western philosophical tradition.
Plotinus	Plotinus	Q134189	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plotinus	1st through 10th centuries	aestheticians, metaphysicians	Plotinus was an ancient Greek philosopher, born and raised in Roman Egypt.
Plutarch	Plutarch	Q41523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarch	1st through 10th centuries		Plutarch was a Greek and later Roman Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi.
Polyaenus_of_Lampsacus	Polyaenus of Lampsacus	Q740432	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyaenus_of_Lampsacus	centuries BC		Polyaenus of Lampsacus, also spelled Polyenus, was an ancient Greek mathematician and a friend of Epicurus.
Pope_Gregory_I	Pope Gregory I	Q42827	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I	1st through 10th centuries		Pope Gregory I, commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the 64th Bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 until his death on 12 March 604.
Pope_Sylvester_II	Pope Sylvester II	Q172383	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_II	1st through 10th centuries		Pope Sylvester II, originally known as Gerbert of Aurillac, was a scholar and teacher who served as the bishop of Rome and led the Papal States from 999 until his death in 1003.
Porphyry_of_Tyre	Porphyry of Tyre	Q203445	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyry_of_Tyre	1st through 10th centuries	logicians, metaphysicians	Porphyry was a Phoenician Neoplatonic philosopher born in Tyre, Roman Phoenicia during Roman rule.
Posidonius	Posidonius	Q185770	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posidonius	centuries BC		Posidonius (; Ancient Greek: Ποσειδώνιος Poseidṓnios; "of Apamea" or "of Rhodes"; c.
Prabhācandra	Prabhācandra	Q17009647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabh%C4%81candra	11th through 14th centuries		Prabhācandra was a Śvetāmbara monk, grammarian, biographer, philosopher and author of several philosophical books on Jainism.
Prabhākara	Prabhākara	Q15632651	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara	1st through 10th centuries		Prabhakara active c. 6th century was an Indian philosopher-grammarian in the Mīmāṃsā tradition of Kerala.
Proclus	Proclus	Q271809	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclus	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Proclus Lycius, called Proclus the Successor, was a Greek Neoplatonic philosopher, one of the last major classical philosophers of late antiquity.
Prodicus	Prodicus	Q297402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodicus	centuries BC	ethicists	Prodicus of Ceos was a Greek philosopher, and part of the first generation of Sophists.
Profiat_Duran	Profiat Duran	Q461521	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profiat_Duran	11th through 14th centuries		Profiat Duran, full Hebrew name Isaac ben Moses haLevi) was a Jewish apologist/polemicist, philosopher, physician, grammarian, and controversialist in the 14th century.
Protagoras	Protagoras	Q169243	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagoras	centuries BC	epistemologists	Protagoras was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and rhetorical theorist.
Prudentius_of_Troyes	Prudentius of Troyes	Q2578734	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudentius_of_Troyes	1st through 10th centuries		Prudentius was bishop of Troyes, a chronicler and an opponent of Hincmar of Reims in the controversy on predestination.
Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite	Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite	Q312816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite was a Greek author, Christian theologian and Neoplatonic philosopher of the late 5th to early 6th century, who wrote a set of works known as the Corpus Areopagiticum or Corpus Dionysiacum.
Ptolemy	Ptolemy	Q34943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy	1st through 10th centuries		Claudius Ptolemy, better known mononymously as Ptolemy, was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.
Purana_Kassapa	Purana Kassapa	Q6142462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Kassapa	centuries BC		Purana Kassapa was an Indian ascetic teacher who lived around the 6th century BCE, contemporaneous with Mahavira and Shakyamuni Buddha.
Pyotr_Chaadayev	Pyotr Chaadayev	Q471220	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Chaadayev	18th century		Pyotr or Petr Yakovlevich Chaadayev was a Russian philosopher.
Pyotr_Lavrov	Pyotr Lavrov	Q337628	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov	19th century		Pyotr Lavrovich Lavrov was a prominent Russian political theorist of Narodism, philosopher, publicist, revolutionary, sociologist, and historian.
Pyrrho	Pyrrho	Q192313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrho	centuries BC	epistemologists	Pyrrho of Elis was a Greek philosopher of Classical antiquity, credited as being the first Greek skeptic philosopher and founder of Pyrrhonism.
Pythagoras	Pythagoras	Q10261	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoras	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Pythagoras of Samos was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism.
Pāṇini	Pāṇini	Q189725	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini	centuries BC		Panini was an ancient Indian Sanskrit grammarian and linguist whose masterwork, the Aṣṭādhyāyī, is the foundational text of Vyākaraṇa—one of the six Vedāṅgas of ancient Indian scholarship.
Qusta_ibn_Luqa	Qusta ibn Luqa	Q1621474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qusta_ibn_Luqa	1st through 10th centuries		Qusta ibn Luqa, also known as Costa ben Luca or Constabulus was a Melkite Christian physician, philosopher, astronomer, mathematician and translator.
R._G._Collingwood	R. G. Collingwood	Q317075	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._G._Collingwood	19th century	aestheticians	Robin George Collingwood was an English philosopher, historian and archaeologist.
Rabanus_Maurus	Rabanus Maurus	Q160441	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus	1st through 10th centuries		Rabanus Maurus Magnentius, also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk, theologian, poet, encyclopedist and military writer who became archbishop of Mainz in East Francia.
Rabindranath_Tagore	Rabindranath Tagore	Q7241	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore	19th century		Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, author, playwright, musician, composer, philosopher, social reformer, painter, and one of the foremost figures of the Bengal Renaissance.
Radulphus_Brito	Radulphus Brito	Q1222132	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radulphus_Brito	11th through 14th centuries		Radulphus Brito was an influential grammarian and philosopher, based in Paris.
Raghunatha_Shiromani	Raghunatha Shiromani	Q4387084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunatha_Shiromani	15th and 16th centuries	logicians	Raghunatha Shiromani was an Indian philosopher and logician.
Ralph_Barton_Perry	Ralph Barton Perry	Q32679	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Barton_Perry	19th century		Ralph Barton Perry was an American philosopher.
Ralph_Cudworth	Ralph Cudworth	Q528261	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Cudworth	17th century		Ralph Cudworth was an English Anglican clergyman, Christian Hebraist, classicist, theologian and philosopher, and a leading figure among the Cambridge Platonists who became 11th Regius Professor of Hebrew, 26th Master of Clare Hall, and 14th Master of Christ's College.
Ralph_Waldo_Emerson	Ralph Waldo Emerson	Q48226	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson	19th century	aestheticians	Ralph Waldo Emerson, who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, minister, abolitionist, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.
Ramanuja	Ramanuja	Q1741798	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanuja	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Ramanuja, also known as Rāmānujācārya, was an Indian Hindu philosopher, guru and social reformer.
Ramon_Llull	Ramon Llull	Q193660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramon_Llull	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	Ramon Llull, sometimes anglicized as Raymond Lully, was a Catholic philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, apologist and former knight, born in Palma de Mallorca.
Ratnakīrti	Ratnakīrti	Q22908142	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratnak%C4%ABrti	11th through 14th centuries		Ratnakīrti was an Indian Buddhist philosopher of the Yogācāra and epistemological schools who wrote on logic, philosophy of mind and epistemology.
Ratramnus	Ratramnus	Q703858	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratramnus	1st through 10th centuries		Ratramnus was a Frankish monk of the monastery of Corbie, near Amiens in northern France, and a Carolingian theologian known best for his writings on the Eucharist and predestination.
Reinhold_Niebuhr	Reinhold Niebuhr	Q358561	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr	19th century	ethicists	Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr was an American Mainline Protestant theologian in the Reformed tradition, ethicist, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years.
Remigius_of_Auxerre	Remigius of Auxerre	Q1383306	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remigius_of_Auxerre	1st through 10th centuries		Remigius of Auxerre was a Benedictine monk during the Carolingian period, a teacher of Latin grammar, and a prolific author of commentaries on classical Greek and Latin texts.
Renn_Hampden	Renn Hampden	Q7313296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renn_Hampden	18th century		Renn Dickson Hampden was a British Anglican clergyman of evangelical sympathy who contested the supporters of Tractarianism whilst he taught at the University of Oxford between 1829 and 1846.
René_Descartes	René Descartes	Q9191	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes	15th and 16th centuries	epistemologists, logicians, metaphysicians	René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist whose work was foundational to mathematics and modern philosophy.
Richard_Avenarius	Richard Avenarius	Q76516	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Avenarius	19th century		Richard Heinrich Ludwig Avenarius was a French-born German-Swiss philosopher.
Richard_Bentley	Richard Bentley	Q712899	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bentley	17th century		Richard Bentley was an English classical scholar, critic, Anglican cleric, and theologian.
Richard_Brinkley	Richard Brinkley	Q3430572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Brinkley	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	Richard Brinkley was an English Franciscan scholastic philosopher and theologian.
Richard_Burthogge	Richard Burthogge	Q139238	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burthogge	17th century		Richard Burthogge of Devon, England, was a physician, magistrate and philosopher.
Richard_Cumberland_(philosopher)	Richard Cumberland (philosopher)	Q2706259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cumberland_(philosopher)	17th century		Richard Cumberland (15 July 1631 – 9 October 1718) was an English philosopher, and Bishop of Peterborough from 1691.
Richard_Dedekind	Richard Dedekind	Q76556	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dedekind	19th century		Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind was a German mathematician who made important contributions to number theory, abstract algebra, and the axiomatic foundations of arithmetic.
Richard_Hooker	Richard Hooker	Q443783	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hooker	15th and 16th centuries		Richard Hooker was an English priest in the Church of England, Anglican divine, and an influential theologian.
Richard_Kilvington	Richard Kilvington	Q468950	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kilvington	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	Richard Kilvington was an English scholastic theologian and philosopher at the University of Oxford.
Richard_Kroner	Richard Kroner	Q85018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kroner	19th century		Richard Kroner was a German neo-Hegelian philosopher, known for his Von Kant bis Hegel, a history of German idealism written from a neo-Hegelian point of view.
Richard_Overton_(Leveller)	Richard Overton (Leveller)	Q7328211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Overton_(Leveller)	15th and 16th centuries		Richard Overton was an English pamphleteer and Leveller during the Civil War and Interregnum.
Richard_Payne_Knight	Richard Payne Knight	Q833886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Payne_Knight	18th century		Richard Payne Knight of Downton Castle in Herefordshire, and of 5 Soho Square, London, England, was a classical scholar, connoisseur, archaeologist and numismatist best known for his theories of picturesque beauty and for his interest in ancient phallic imagery.
Richard_Price	Richard Price	Q561101	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Price	18th century	ethicists	Richard Price was a British moral philosopher, Nonconformist minister and mathematician.
Richard_Rufus_of_Cornwall	Richard Rufus of Cornwall	Q2038445	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Rufus_of_Cornwall	11th through 14th centuries		Richard Rufus was a Cornish Franciscan scholastic philosopher and theologian.
Richard_of_Middleton	Richard of Middleton	Q446656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_Middleton	11th through 14th centuries		Richard of Middleton was a member of the Franciscan Order, a theologian, and scholastic philosopher.
Richard_of_Saint_Victor	Richard of Saint Victor	Q1344799	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_Saint_Victor	11th through 14th centuries		Richard of Saint Victor was a Medieval Scottish philosopher and theologian and one of the most influential religious thinkers of his time.
Robert_Adamson_(philosopher)	Robert Adamson (philosopher)	Q3314970	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Adamson_(philosopher)	19th century		Robert Adamson was a Scottish philosopher and Professor of Logic at the University of Glasgow.
Robert_Alyngton	Robert Alyngton	Q7341485	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Alyngton	11th through 14th centuries		Robert Alyngton was an English philosopher who developed new logical, semantic, metaphysical, and ontological theories in 14th century thought.
Robert_Aspland	Robert Aspland	Q7341632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Aspland	18th century		Robert Aspland was an English Unitarian minister, editor and activist.
Robert_Blakey_(writer)	Robert Blakey (writer)	Q18527057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Blakey_(writer)	18th century		Robert Blakey was an English writer and academic and an early Chartist radical and journalist.
Robert_Boyle	Robert Boyle	Q43393	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Boyle	17th century		Robert Boyle was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor.
Robert_Buchanan_(playwright)	Robert Buchanan (playwright)	Q17423417	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Buchanan_(playwright)	18th century		Robert Buchanan was a Scottish minister and Professor of Logic and Rhetoric at the University of Glasgow, known as a dramatist and poet.
Robert_Desgabets	Robert Desgabets	Q3434946	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Desgabets	17th century		Robert Desgabets was a French Cartesian philosopher and Benedictine prior, born in Ancemont.
Robert_Filmer	Robert Filmer	Q707787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Filmer	15th and 16th centuries	social and political philosophers	Sir Robert Filmer was an English political theorist who defended the divine right of kings.
Robert_Flint_(theologian)	Robert Flint (theologian)	Q3938271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Flint_(theologian)	19th century		Robert Flint, commonly referred to as Professor Flint was a Scottish theologian and philosopher who wrote also on sociology.
Robert_Fludd	Robert Fludd	Q453697	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fludd	15th and 16th centuries		Robert Fludd, also known as Robertus de Fluctibus, was a prominent English Paracelsian physician with both scientific and occult interests.
Robert_Grosseteste	Robert Grosseteste	Q256541	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste	11th through 14th centuries		Robert Grosseteste, also known as Robert Greathead or Robert of Lincoln, was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist and Bishop of Lincoln.
Robert_Holcot	Robert Holcot	Q7345564	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Holcot	11th through 14th centuries		Robert Holcot, OP was an English Dominican scholastic philosopher, theologian and influential Biblical scholar.
Robert_Joseph_Pothier	Robert Joseph Pothier	Q666880	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Joseph_Pothier	17th century		Robert Joseph Pothier was a French jurist.
Robert_Kilwardby	Robert Kilwardby	Q1364372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kilwardby	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	Robert Kilwardby OP was an Archbishop of Canterbury in England and a cardinal.
Roberto_Ardigò	Roberto Ardigò	Q1803058	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Ardig%C3%B2	19th century		Roberto Felice Ardigò was an Italian philosopher.
Rodolphus_Agricola	Rodolphus Agricola	Q365557	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodolphus_Agricola	15th and 16th centuries	logicians	Rodolphus Agricola was a Dutch humanist scholar recognized as the "father of Northern European humanism" for his role in introducing the Italian Renaissance's intellectual disciplines to the North.
Roger_Bacon	Roger Bacon	Q171677	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bacon	11th through 14th centuries	epistemologists, metaphysicians	Roger Bacon, also known by the scholastic accolade Doctor Mirabilis, was a medieval English polymath, philosopher, scientist, theologian and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empiricism.
Roger_Joseph_Boscovich	Roger Joseph Boscovich	Q310757	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Joseph_Boscovich	18th century		Roger Joseph Boscovich was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath from the Republic of Ragusa.
Roger_Marston	Roger Marston	Q2838721	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Marston	11th through 14th centuries		Roger Marston was an English Franciscan scholastic philosopher and theologian.
Roman_Ingarden	Roman Ingarden	Q355355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Ingarden	19th century		Roman Witold Ingarden was a Polish philosopher who worked in aesthetics, ontology, and phenomenology.
Rosa_Luxemburg	Rosa Luxemburg	Q7231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg	19th century	social and political philosophers	Rosa Luxemburg was a Polish and naturalised-German Marxist theorist and revolutionary.
Roscellinus	Roscellinus	Q297435	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscellinus	11th through 14th centuries		Roscelin of Compiègne, better known by his Latinized name Roscellinus Compendiensis or Rucelinus, was a French philosopher and theologian, often regarded as the founder of nominalism.
Roscoe_Pound	Roscoe Pound	Q1149723	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscoe_Pound	19th century		Nathan Roscoe Pound was an American legal scholar and educator.
Roy_Wood_Sellars	Roy Wood Sellars	Q4177579	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Wood_Sellars	19th century		Roy Wood Sellars was a Canadian-born American philosopher of critical perceptual realism and religious humanism, and a proponent of naturalistic emergent evolution.
Ruan_Ji	Ruan Ji	Q142683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruan_Ji	1st through 10th centuries		Ruan Ji, courtesy name Sizong, was a Chinese musician, poet, and military officer who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period.
Rudolf_Bultmann	Rudolf Bultmann	Q76327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Bultmann	19th century		Rudolf Karl Bultmann was a German Lutheran theologian and professor of the New Testament at the University of Marburg.
Rudolf_Carnap	Rudolf Carnap	Q76519	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Carnap	19th century	logicians	Paul Rudolf Carnap was a German philosopher and logician who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter.
Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken	Rudolf Christoph Eucken	Q47695	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken	19th century	ethicists	Rudolf Christoph Eucken was a German philosopher.
Rudolf_Haym	Rudolf Haym	Q66880	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Haym	19th century		Rudolf Haym was a German philosopher. He was born in Grünberg in Prussia, and died in St.
Rudolf_Otto	Rudolf Otto	Q76748	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Otto	19th century		Rudolf Otto was a German Lutheran theologian, philosopher, and comparative religionist.
Rudolf_Steiner	Rudolf Steiner	Q78484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner	19th century	epistemologists	Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner was an Austrian New Age guru, philosopher, occultist, social reformer, architect, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant and speaker with the dead.
Rudolf_von_Jhering	Rudolf von Jhering	Q62605	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_von_Jhering	19th century		Caspar Rudolph von Jhering was a German jurist.
Rudolph_Goclenius	Rudolph Goclenius	Q64272	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Goclenius	15th and 16th centuries		Rudolph Goclenius the Elder was a German scholastic philosopher.
Réginald_Garrigou-Lagrange	Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange	Q1342881	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ginald_Garrigou-Lagrange	19th century	metaphysicians	Réginald Marie Garrigou-Lagrange was a French Dominican friar, philosopher and theologian.
Saadia_Gaon	Saadia Gaon	Q328748	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadia_Gaon	1st through 10th centuries		Saʿadia ben Yosef Gaon or Said bin Yusuf al-Fayyumi was a prominent rabbi, gaon, Jewish philosopher, and exegete who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate.
Salomon_Maimon	Salomon Maimon	Q465763	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon_Maimon	18th century		Salomon Maimon was a philosopher born of Lithuanian Jewish parentage in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, present-day Belarus.
Samuel_Alexander	Samuel Alexander	Q379900	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Alexander	19th century		Samuel Alexander was an Australian-born British philosopher.
Samuel_Bailey	Samuel Bailey	Q3305906	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bailey	18th century	ethicists	Samuel Bailey was a British philosopher, economist and writer.
Samuel_Bold	Samuel Bold	Q7410942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bold	17th century		Samuel Bolde or Bold was an English clergyman and controversialist, a supporter of the arguments of John Locke for religious toleration.
Samuel_Butler_(novelist)	Samuel Butler (novelist)	Q312829	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Butler_(novelist)	19th century		Samuel Butler was an English novelist and critic, best known for the satirical utopian novel Erewhon and the semi-autobiographical novel The Way of All Flesh.
Samuel_Clarke	Samuel Clarke	Q381073	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Clarke	17th century		Samuel Clarke was an English philosopher and Anglican priest.
Samuel_Heywood_(chief_justice)	Samuel Heywood (chief justice)	Q7411685	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Heywood_(chief_justice)	18th century		Samuel Heywood was an English serjeant-at-law and a Chief Justice of the Carmarthen Circuit of Wales.
Samuel_Johnson	Samuel Johnson	Q183266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson	18th century		Samuel Johnson, often called Dr Johnson, was an English writer and polymath who made lasting contributions as a poet, playwright, essayist, moralist, literary critic, sermonist, biographer, editor, and lexicographer.
Samuel_Johnson_(pamphleteer)	Samuel Johnson (pamphleteer)	Q7411864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson_(pamphleteer)	17th century		Samuel Johnson was an English clergyman and political writer, sometimes called "the Whig Johnson" to distinguish him from the author and lexicographer of the same name, who was a Tory in politics and lived after him.
Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge	Samuel Taylor Coleridge	Q82409	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge	18th century	social and political philosophers	Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher, and theologian who was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets with his friend William Wordsworth.
Samuel_ibn_Tibbon	Samuel ibn Tibbon	Q338123	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_ibn_Tibbon	11th through 14th centuries		Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon, more commonly known as Samuel ibn Tibbon, was a Jewish philosopher and doctor who lived and worked in Provence, later part of France.
Samuel_von_Pufendorf	Samuel von Pufendorf	Q57186	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf	17th century		Samuel von Pufendorf was a German jurist, political philosopher, economist and historian.
Sanjaya_Belatthiputta	Sanjaya Belatthiputta	Q1229185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjaya_Belatthiputta	centuries BC		Sañjaya Belatthiputra, was an Indian ascetic philosopher who lived around the 7th-6th century BC in the region of Magadha.
Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	Q156349	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan	19th century		Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was an Indian academic, philosopher and statesman who served as the Vice President of India from 1952 to 1962 and President of India from 1962 to 1967.
Sedulius_Scottus	Sedulius Scottus	Q2609522	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedulius_Scottus	1st through 10th centuries	logicians	Sedulius Scotus or Scottus was an Irish monk, teacher, Latin grammarian, and scriptural commentator who lived in the 9th century.
Semyon_Frank	Semyon Frank	Q981959	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semyon_Frank	19th century		Semyon Lyudvigovich Frank was a Russian philosopher.
Seneca_the_Younger	Seneca the Younger	Q2054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger	centuries BC		Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger, usually known mononymously as Seneca, was a Stoic philosopher of Ancient Rome, a statesman, a dramatist, and in one work a satirist from the post-Augustan age of Latin literature.
Sengzhao	Sengzhao	Q724293	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengzhao	1st through 10th centuries		Sengzhao was a Chinese Buddhist philosopher from Later Qin.
Sergei_Bulgakov	Sergei Bulgakov	Q332535	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Bulgakov	19th century		Sergei Nikolayevich Bulgakov was a Russian Orthodox theologian, priest, philosopher, and economist.
Sextus_Empiricus	Sextus Empiricus	Q236594	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextus_Empiricus	1st through 10th centuries	epistemologists	Sextus Empiricus was a Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher and Empiric school physician with Roman citizenship.
Shadworth_Hodgson	Shadworth Hodgson	Q5808548	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadworth_Hodgson	19th century	metaphysicians	Shadworth Hollway Hodgson, FBA was an English philosopher.
Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi	Shah Waliullah Dehlawi	Q392835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi	18th century		Qutb ud-Din Ahmad ibn ʿAbd-ur-Rahim al-ʿUmari ad-Dehlawi, commonly known as Shah Waliullah Dehlawi, was an Islamic Sunni scholar and Sufi reformer who contributed to the Islamic revival in the Indian subcontinent and is seen by his followers as a renewer.
Shalva_Nutsubidze	Shalva Nutsubidze	Q3651294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalva_Nutsubidze	19th century		Shalva Nutsubidze was a Georgian philosopher, cultural historian, rustvelologist, literary critic, translator, public figure, one of the founders of scientific school in the field of history of Georgian philosophy, one of the founders and prorector of the Tbilisi State University, Director of the Fu
Shang_Yang	Shang Yang	Q351345	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_Yang	centuries BC		Shang Yang, also known as Wei Yang and originally surnamed Gongsun, was a chancellor and reformer of the State of Qin.
Shao_Yong	Shao Yong	Q722288	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shao_Yong	11th through 14th centuries		Shao Yong, courtesy name Yaofu, named Shào Kāngjié was a Chinese cosmologist, historian, philosopher, and poet who greatly influenced the development of Neo-Confucianism across China during the Song dynasty.
Shem-Tov_ibn_Falaquera	Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera	Q1383938	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shem-Tov_ibn_Falaquera	11th through 14th centuries		Shem-Tov ben Joseph ibn Falaquera, also spelled Palquera, was a Spanish Jewish philosopher, poet, and commentator.
Shen_Buhai	Shen Buhai	Q559421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Buhai	centuries BC		Shen Buhai was a Chinese statesman, reformer and diplomat.
Shen_Dao	Shen Dao	Q947699	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Dao	centuries BC		Shen Dao, or, was an early-mid Warring states period Chinese philosopher and writer.
Shinran	Shinran	Q512934	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinran	11th through 14th centuries		Shinran was a key Japanese Buddhist figure of the Kamakura Period who is regarded as the founder of the Jōdo Shinshū school of Japanese Buddhism.
Shukra-Niti	Shukra-Niti	Q17307622	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shukra-Niti	centuries BC		Shukranīti, also known as Shukranītisara and Shukracharya's System of Morals, is a part of the Dharmasastra.
Shūzō_Kuki	Shūzō Kuki	Q617645	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%ABz%C5%8D_Kuki	19th century		Shūzō Kuki was a Japanese art critic, philosopher, and poet.
Sibawayh	Sibawayh	Q983355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibawayh	1st through 10th centuries		Sibawayh (Arabic: سِيبَوَيْه IPA: [siːbæˈwæjh] (also pronounced [siːbæˈweː] in many modern dialects) Sībawayh; Persian: سیبُویه‎ Sēbūyeh [seːbuːˈje]; c.
Siddhasenadivākarasuri	Siddhasenadivākarasuri	Q7508141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddhasenadiv%C4%81karasuri	1st through 10th centuries		Siddhasenadivākarasuri was a Jain monk of the Śvetāmbara sect in the fifth century CE who wrote works on Jain philosophy and epistemology.
Siddheshwar	Siddheshwar	Q7508150	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddheshwar	11th through 14th centuries		Siddheshwar also known as Siddharameshwar and Siddharama was one among the five acharya of the Veerashaiva faith.
Siger_of_Brabant	Siger of Brabant	Q355903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant	11th through 14th centuries		Siger of Brabant was a 13th-century philosopher from the southern Low Countries who was an important proponent of Averroism.
Sigmund_Freud	Sigmund Freud	Q9215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud	19th century		Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies arising from conflicts in the psyche through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.
Simeon_ben_Zemah_Duran	Simeon ben Zemah Duran	Q2918665	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_ben_Zemah_Duran	11th through 14th centuries		Simeon ben Zemah Duran, also Tzemach Duran, known as Rashbatz or Tashbatz, was a prominent Jewish scholar, rabbinic authority, and polemicist.
Simon_Foucher	Simon Foucher	Q763747	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Foucher	17th century		Simon Foucher was a French polemic philosopher.
Simon_of_Faversham	Simon of Faversham	Q7520146	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_of_Faversham	11th through 14th centuries		Simon of Faversham was an English medieval scholastic philosopher and later a university chancellor.
Simplicius_of_Cilicia	Simplicius of Cilicia	Q351518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicius_of_Cilicia	1st through 10th centuries	logicians, metaphysicians	Simplicius of Cilicia was a Byzantine philosopher, a disciple of Ammonius Hermiae and Damascius, and one of the last of the Neoplatonists.
Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie,_1st_Baronet	Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet	Q693204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie,_1st_Baronet	18th century		Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet, was an English physiologist and surgeon who pioneered research into bone and joint disease.
Sir_William_Hamilton,_9th_Baronet	Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet	Q15474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Hamilton,_9th_Baronet	18th century		Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet was a Scottish philosopher.
Socrates	Socrates	Q913	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates	centuries BC	epistemologists	Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher from Classical Athens, perhaps the first Western moral philosopher, and a major inspiration on his student Plato, who largely founded the tradition of Western philosophy.
Solomon_ibn_Gabirol	Solomon ibn Gabirol	Q239355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_ibn_Gabirol	11th through 14th centuries		Solomon ibn Gabirol or Solomon ben Judah (Hebrew: ר׳ שְׁלֹמֹה בֶּן יְהוּדָה אִבְּן גָּבִּירוֹל, romanized: Šəlomo ben Yəhūdā ʾībən Gābīrōl, pronounced [ʃloˈmo ben jehuˈda ʔibn ɡabiˈʁol]; Arabic: أبو أيوب سليمان بن يحيى بن جبيرول, romanized: ’Abū ’Ayyūb Sulaymān bin Yaḥyá bin Jabīrūl, pronounced [ˈʔæ
Someshvara_III	Someshvara III	Q36210	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Someshvara_III	11th through 14th centuries		Someshvara III was a Western Chalukya king, the son and successor of Vikramaditya VI.
Speusippus	Speusippus	Q325955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speusippus	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Speusippus was an ancient Greek philosopher.
Sri_Aurobindo	Sri Aurobindo	Q192207	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo	19th century	aestheticians	Sri Aurobindo was an Indian philosopher, yogi and nationalist, who is noted for his participation in the movement for India's independence from British rule, he advocated for complete autonomy through his writings and political activity.
Stanisław_Ignacy_Witkiewicz	Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz	Q381238	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz	19th century		Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, commonly known as Witkacy, was a Polish writer, painter, philosopher, theorist, playwright, novelist, and photographer active before World War I and during the interwar period.
Stanisław_Leśniewski	Stanisław Leśniewski	Q528493	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Le%C5%9Bniewski	19th century		Stanisław Leśniewski was a Polish mathematician, philosopher and logician.
Stanisław_Staszic	Stanisław Staszic	Q708435	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Staszic	18th century		Stanisław Wawrzyniec Staszic [staˈɲiswaf ˈstaʂit͡s] was a Polish philosopher and writer.
Stilpo	Stilpo	Q381048	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilpo	centuries BC		Stilpo or Stilpon, in Latin sources also Stilbo or Stilbon, was a Greek philosopher of the Megarian school.
Strato_of_Lampsacus	Strato of Lampsacus	Q316353	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strato_of_Lampsacus	centuries BC		Strato of Lampsacus was a Peripatetic philosopher, and the third director of the Lyceum after the death of Theophrastus.
Su_Qin	Su Qin	Q716543	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Qin	centuries BC		Su Qin was a Chinese political consultant and philosopher who was an influential political strategist during the Warring States period.
Sun_Tzu	Sun Tzu	Q37151	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Tzu	centuries BC	social and political philosophers	Sun Tzu was a Chinese military general, strategist, philosopher, and writer who lived during the Eastern Zhou period.
Sun_Yat-sen	Sun Yat-sen	Q8573	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen	19th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese physician, revolutionary and political philosopher who founded the Republic of China and the Kuomintang.
Susan_Stebbing	Susan Stebbing	Q2106841	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Stebbing	19th century		Lizzie Susan Stebbing was a British philosopher.
Susanne_Langer	Susanne Langer	Q466026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Langer	19th century	aestheticians	Susanne Katherina Langer was an American philosopher, writer, and educator known for her theories on the influences of art on the mind.
Syrianus	Syrianus	Q1373037	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrianus	1st through 10th centuries	metaphysicians	Syrianus was a Greek Neoplatonic philosopher, and head of Plato's Academy in Athens, succeeding his teacher Plutarch of Athens in 431/432 AD.
Sébastien_Basson	Sébastien Basson	Q2841293	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Basson	15th and 16th centuries		Sébastien Basson, Latinized as Sebastianus Basso, was a French physician and natural philosopher of the beginning of the seventeenth century.
Søren_Kierkegaard	Søren Kierkegaard	Q6512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard	19th century	aestheticians, epistemologists, ethicists	Søren Aabye Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher, Lutheran theologian, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher.
T._H._Green	T. H. Green	Q369621	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._H._Green	19th century	ethicists, social and political philosophers	Thomas Hill Green, known as T. H. Green, was an English philosopher, political radical and temperance reformer, and a member of the British idealism movement.
Tadeusz_Czeżowski	Tadeusz Czeżowski	Q935981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Cze%C5%BCowski	19th century		Tadeusz Czeżowski was a Polish philosopher and logician.
Tadeusz_Kotarbiński	Tadeusz Kotarbiński	Q714839	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Kotarbi%C5%84ski	19th century	ethicists, logicians	Tadeusz Marian Kotarbiński was a Polish philosopher, logician, and ethicist.
Tan_Sitong	Tan Sitong	Q1191225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Sitong	19th century		Tan Sitong, courtesy name Fusheng, art name Zhuangfei, was a Chinese politician, thinker, and reformist of the late Qing dynasty.
Teresa_of_Ávila	Teresa of Ávila	Q174880	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila	15th and 16th centuries		Teresa of Ávila, religious name Teresa of Jesus, was a Carmelite nun, prominent Spanish mystic and spiritual reformer.
Tertullian	Tertullian	Q174929	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian	1st through 10th centuries		Tertullian was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa.
Tetsurō_Watsuji	Tetsurō Watsuji	Q969266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetsur%C5%8D_Watsuji	19th century		Tetsurō Watsuji was a Japanese historian and moral philosopher.
Thales_of_Miletus	Thales of Miletus	Q36303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Thales of Miletus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor.
The_Buddha	The Buddha	Q9441	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Buddha	centuries BC	ethicists	Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha, was a wandering religious teacher who lived in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism.
Theano_(philosopher)	Theano (philosopher)	Q235426	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theano_(philosopher)	centuries BC		Theano was a 6th-century BC Pythagorean philosopher.
Themistius	Themistius	Q365183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Themistius	1st through 10th centuries		Themistius, nicknamed Euphrades, was a statesman, rhetorician and philosopher.
Theodore_Abu_Qurrah	Theodore Abu Qurrah	Q1371679	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Abu_Qurrah	1st through 10th centuries		Theodore Abū Qurrah was a 9th-century Melkite bishop and theologian who lived in the early Islamic period.
Theodore_Metochites	Theodore Metochites	Q221657	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Metochites	11th through 14th centuries		Theodore Metochites was a Byzantine statesman, author, gentleman philosopher–astronomer, and patron of the arts.
Theodoric_of_Freiberg	Theodoric of Freiberg	Q1224163	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodoric_of_Freiberg	11th through 14th centuries		Theodoric of Freiberg was a German member of the Dominican order and a theologian, philosopher, and physicist.
Theodorus_the_Atheist	Theodorus the Atheist	Q381765	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodorus_the_Atheist	centuries BC	epistemologists	Theodorus the Atheist, of Cyrene, was a Greek philosopher of the Cyrenaic school.
Theophilos_Kairis	Theophilos Kairis	Q1247225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis	18th century		Theophilos Kairis was a Greek Eastern Orthodox priest, philosopher and revolutionary.
Theophrastus	Theophrastus	Q160362	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophrastus	centuries BC	epistemologists, logicians	Theophrastus was an ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist.
Thierry_of_Chartres	Thierry of Chartres	Q658109	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_of_Chartres	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Thierry of Chartres or Theodoric the Breton was a twelfth-century philosopher working at Chartres and Paris, France.
Thiruvalluvar	Thiruvalluvar	Q2353373	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalluvar	centuries BC		Thiruvalluvar was an Indian Tamil poet and philosopher.
Thomas_Aquinas	Thomas Aquinas	Q9438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas	11th through 14th centuries	aestheticians, ethicists, logicians, metaphysicians, social and political philosophers	Thomas Aquinas was an Italian Dominican friar and priest, theologian, and philosopher.
Thomas_Belsham	Thomas Belsham	Q7787563	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Belsham	18th century		Thomas Belsham was an English Unitarian minister.
Thomas_Bradwardine	Thomas Bradwardine	Q461116	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bradwardine	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	Thomas Bradwardine was an English cleric, scholar, mathematician, physicist, courtier and, very briefly, Archbishop of Canterbury.
Thomas_Brown_(philosopher)	Thomas Brown (philosopher)	Q2706048	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Brown_(philosopher)	18th century		Thomas Brown was a Scottish physician, philosopher, and poet.
Thomas_Browne	Thomas Browne	Q313925	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Browne	17th century		Sir Thomas Browne was an English polymath and author of varied works which reveal his wide learning in diverse fields including science, medicine, religion and the esoteric.
Thomas_Cajetan	Thomas Cajetan	Q435853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cajetan	15th and 16th centuries	metaphysicians	Thomas Cajetan, also known as Gaetanus or Cajetanus, commonly Tommaso de Vio or Thomas de Vio, was an Italian philosopher, theologian, the Master of the Order of Preachers 1508 to 1518, and cardinal from 1517 until his death.
Thomas_Carlyle	Thomas Carlyle	Q151403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle	18th century	social and political philosophers	Thomas Carlyle was a Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher.
Thomas_Gisborne	Thomas Gisborne	Q3525160	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gisborne	18th century		Thomas Gisborne was an English Anglican priest and poet.
Thomas_Henry_Huxley	Thomas Henry Huxley	Q184366	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley	19th century	ethicists	Thomas Henry Huxley was an English biologist and anthropologist who specialised in comparative anatomy.
Thomas_Hobbes	Thomas Hobbes	Q37621	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes	15th and 16th centuries	epistemologists, ethicists, metaphysicians, social and political philosophers	Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher and political theorist, best known for his 1651 book Leviathan, in which he expounds an influential formulation of social contract theory.
Thomas_Hodgskin	Thomas Hodgskin	Q2594969	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin	18th century		Thomas Hodgskin was an English socialist writer on political economy, critic of capitalism and defender of free trade and early trade unions.
Thomas_Jefferson	Thomas Jefferson	Q11812	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson	18th century		Thomas Jefferson was a Founding Father and the third president of the United States, serving from 1801 to 1809.
Thomas_More	Thomas More	Q42544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More	15th and 16th centuries		Sir Thomas More, venerated in the Catholic Church as a martyr and saint, was an English lawyer, judge, social philosopher, author, statesman, theologian and Renaissance humanist.
Thomas_Paine	Thomas Paine	Q126462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine	18th century		Thomas Paine was an English-born American Founding Father, inventor, political philosopher, and statesman.
Thomas_Percival	Thomas Percival	Q549582	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Percival	18th century		Thomas Percival was an English physician, health reformer, ethicist and author who wrote an early code of medical ethics.
Thomas_Reid	Thomas Reid	Q316347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Reid	18th century	aestheticians	Thomas Reid (; 7 May 1710 – 7 October 1796) was a religiously trained Scottish philosopher best known for his philosophical method, his theory of perception, and its wide implications on epistemology, and as the developer and defender of an agent-causal theory of free will.
Thomas_Spencer_Baynes	Thomas Spencer Baynes	Q5567664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Spencer_Baynes	19th century		Thomas Spencer Baynes was an English writer and scholar.
Thomas_White_(scholar)	Thomas White (scholar)	Q7795062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_White_(scholar)	15th and 16th centuries		Thomas White was an English Roman Catholic priest and scholar, known as a theologian, censured by the Inquisition, and also as a philosopher contributing to scientific and political debates.
Thomas_of_Erfurt	Thomas of Erfurt	Q123608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_of_Erfurt	11th through 14th centuries		Thomas of Erfurt was a German philosopher, the most important of the so-called Modistae.
Thomas_of_York_(Franciscan)	Thomas of York (Franciscan)	Q7795533	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_of_York_(Franciscan)	11th through 14th centuries		Thomas of York was an English Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher of the thirteenth century.
Thomas_à_Kempis	Thomas à Kempis	Q220976	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_%C3%A0_Kempis	11th through 14th centuries		Thomas à Kempis was a German-Dutch Catholic canon regular of the Augustinians and the author of The Imitation of Christ, one of the best known Christian devotional books.
Thomé_H._Fang	Thomé H. Fang	Q7795921	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom%C3%A9_H._Fang	19th century		Thomé H. Fang was a Chinese philosopher. He was described by Charles A.
Thoralf_Skolem	Thoralf Skolem	Q548080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoralf_Skolem	19th century	logicians	Thoralf Albert Skolem was a Norwegian mathematician who worked in mathematical logic, set theory, and number theory.
Thrasymachus	Thrasymachus	Q320955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrasymachus	centuries BC		Thrasymachus was a sophist of ancient Greece best known as a character in Plato's Republic.
Thucydides	Thucydides	Q41683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides	centuries BC	social and political philosophers	Thucydides was an Athenian historian and general.
Théodore_Jouffroy	Théodore Jouffroy	Q610240	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Jouffroy	18th century	ethicists	Simon Joseph Théodore Jouffroy was a French philosopher.
Thābit_ibn_Qurra	Thābit ibn Qurra	Q250568	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C4%81bit_ibn_Qurra	1st through 10th centuries		Thābit ibn Qurra, was a pagan Sabian scholar known for his work in mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and translation.
Timaeus_of_Locri	Timaeus of Locri	Q176287	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timaeus_of_Locri	centuries BC		Timaeus of Locri is a character in two of Plato's dialogues, Timaeus and Critias.
Timon_of_Phlius	Timon of Phlius	Q280872	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timon_of_Phlius	centuries BC		Timon of Phlius was an Ancient Greek philosopher from the Hellenistic period, who was the student of Pyrrho.
Titus_Pomponius_Atticus	Titus Pomponius Atticus	Q311733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Pomponius_Atticus	centuries BC		Titus Pomponius Atticus was a Roman editor, banker, and literary patron, best known for his correspondence and close friendship with the famous Roman statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero.
Tominaga_Nakamoto	Tominaga Nakamoto	Q4389511	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tominaga_Nakamoto	18th century		Tominaga Nakamoto was a Japanese philosopher.
Tommaso_Campanella	Tommaso Campanella	Q191850	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella	15th and 16th centuries		Tommaso Campanella, baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet.
Tomáš_Masaryk	Tomáš Masaryk	Q78492	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Masaryk	19th century		Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was a Czechoslovak statesman, political activist and philosopher who served as the first president of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1935.
Trivikrama_Panditacharya	Trivikrama Panditacharya	Q7844678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivikrama_Panditacharya	11th through 14th centuries		Sri Trivikrama Panditacharya, was an Indian scholar and one of the disciples of Sri Madhvacharya, the great Dvaita philosopher.
Ubertino_of_Casale	Ubertino of Casale	Q561667	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubertino_of_Casale	11th through 14th centuries		Ubertino of Casale was an Italian Franciscan and one of the leaders of the Spirituals, the stricter branch of the Franciscan order.
Udayana	Udayana	Q3633956	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udayana	1st through 10th centuries	logicians	Udayana, also known as Udayanācārya, was an Indian philosopher and logician of the tenth century of the Nyaya school who attempted to devise a rational theology to prove the existence of God using logic and counter the attack on the existence of God at the hands of Buddhist philosophers such as Dhar
Uddālaka_Āruṇi	Uddālaka Āruṇi	Q2724299	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udd%C4%81laka_%C4%80ru%E1%B9%87i	centuries BC		Uddalaka Aruni, also referred to as Uddalaka or Aruni or Uddalaka Varuni, was a revered Vedic sage of Hinduism.
Udyotakara	Udyotakara	Q3547724	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udyotakara	1st through 10th centuries		Udyotakara was a philosopher of the Nyaya school of Indian philosophy.
Uisang	Uisang	Q483049	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisang	1st through 10th centuries		Uisang was one of the most eminent early Silla Korean scholar-monks, a close friend of Wonhyo.
Ulrich_of_Strasbourg	Ulrich of Strasbourg	Q705660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_of_Strasbourg	11th through 14th centuries		Ulrich of Strasbourg was a German Dominican theologian and scholastic philosopher from Strasbourg, Alsace.
Umaswati	Umaswati	Q1777897	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umaswati	1st through 10th centuries		Vācaka Umāsvāti, also spelled as Vācaka Umasvati and known as Vācaka Umāsvāmī, was an Indian scholar, possibly between the 2nd and 5th centuries CE, known for his foundational writings on Jainism.
Uriel_da_Costa	Uriel da Costa	Q347893	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uriel_da_Costa	15th and 16th centuries		Uriel da Costa was a Portuguese Sephardi philosopher who was born a New Christian but returned to Judaism, whereupon he questioned the Catholic and rabbinic orthodoxies of his time.
Urso_of_Calabria	Urso of Calabria	Q1022327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urso_of_Calabria	11th through 14th centuries		Urso of Calabria, also Urso of Salerno, Ursus Salernitanus, Urso di Calabria was an Italian scholastic philosopher and significant author of medical works in the school of Salerno.
Valentin_Asmus_(philosopher)	Valentin Asmus (philosopher)	Q731904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Asmus_(philosopher)	19th century		Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus was a Russian and Soviet philosopher.
Valentinus_(Gnostic)	Valentinus (Gnostic)	Q309864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinus_(Gnostic)	1st through 10th centuries		Valentinus was the best known and, for a time, most successful early Christian Gnostic theologian.
Vallabha	Vallabha	Q2343604	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabha	15th and 16th centuries		Vallabha, also known as Vallabhācārya or Vallabha Dīkṣita, was the founder of the Kr̥ṣṇa-centered Puṣṭimārga sect of Vaishnavism, and propounded the philosophy of Śuddhādvaita.
Vasily_Rozanov	Vasily Rozanov	Q719418	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Rozanov	19th century		Vasily Vasilievich Rozanov was one of the most controversial Russian writers and a significant philosopher among the symbolists of the pre-revolutionary epoch.
Vasishtha	Vasishtha	Q241900	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasishtha	centuries BC		Vasishtha is one of the oldest and revered Vedic rishis or sages, and one of the Saptarishis.
Vasubandhu	Vasubandhu	Q316343	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasubandhu	1st through 10th centuries		Vasubandhu was an influential Indian Buddhist monk and scholar.
Vasugupta	Vasugupta	Q2511208	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasugupta	1st through 10th centuries		Vasugupta was the author of the Shiva Sutras, an important text of the nondual tradition of Kashmir Shaivism, also called Trika.
Vedanta_Desika	Vedanta Desika	Q3530291	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta_Desika	11th through 14th centuries		Vedanta Desika, also rendered Vedanta Desikan, Swami Vedanta Desika, and Thoopul Nigamantha Desikan, was an Indian polymath who wrote philosophical as well as religious and poetical works in several languages, including Sanskrit, Manipravaḷam, Tamil and Prakrit.
Victor_Cousin	Victor Cousin	Q434346	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Cousin	18th century	aestheticians	Victor Cousin was a French philosopher. He was the founder of "eclecticism", a briefly influential school of French philosophy that combined elements of German idealism and Scottish Common Sense Realism.
Victoria,_Lady_Welby	Victoria, Lady Welby	Q468736	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Lady_Welby	19th century		Victoria, Lady Welby, more correctly Lady Welby-Gregory, was a self-educated British philosopher of language, musician and watercolourist.
Vidyaranya	Vidyaranya	Q2726403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidyaranya	11th through 14th centuries	metaphysicians	Vidyaranya, was the jagadguru of the Sringeri Sharada Peetham from ca.
Vilfredo_Pareto	Vilfredo Pareto	Q11031	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto	19th century	social and political philosophers	Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto was an Italian polymath, whose areas of interest included sociology, civil engineering, economics, political science, and philosophy.
Vincent_Ferrer	Vincent Ferrer	Q317131	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer	11th through 14th centuries		Vincent Ferrer, OP was a Valencian Dominican friar who gained acclaim as a preacher, missionary and logician.
Vincent_of_Beauvais	Vincent of Beauvais	Q455162	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_of_Beauvais	11th through 14th centuries		Vincent of Beauvais was a Dominican friar at the Cistercian monastery of Royaumont Abbey, France.
Vincenzo_Gioberti	Vincenzo Gioberti	Q378706	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo_Gioberti	19th century		Vincenzo Gioberti was an Italian Catholic priest, philosopher, publicist and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Sardinia from 1848 to 1849.
Vishnu_Tirtha	Vishnu Tirtha	Q7935986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu_Tirtha	11th through 14th centuries		Vishnu Tirtha is a scholar of the Dvaita school of Vedanta philosophy and the founder of the monasteries at Sodhe and Subramanya.
Vissarion_Belinsky	Vissarion Belinsky	Q192885	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vissarion_Belinsky	19th century	aestheticians	Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky was a Russian literary critic of Westernizing tendency.
Vital_du_Four	Vital du Four	Q2756217	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_du_Four	11th through 14th centuries		Vital du Four was a French Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher, and prior of Eauze.
Vitello	Vitello	Q710858	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitello	11th through 14th centuries		Vitello was a Polish friar, scientist, theologian, natural philosopher and an important figure in the history of philosophy in Poland.
Vladimir_Lenin	Vladimir Lenin	Q1394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin	19th century	social and political philosophers	Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.
Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)	Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)	Q282280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)	19th century	ethicists, metaphysicians	Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov was a Russian philosopher, theologian, poet, pamphleteer, and literary critic, who played a significant role in the development of Russian philosophy and poetry at the end of the 19th century and in the spiritual renaissance of the early 20th century.
Voltaire	Voltaire	Q9068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire	17th century	social and political philosophers	François-Marie Arouet, known by his pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher, satirist, and historian.
Vyasatirtha	Vyasatirtha	Q3811502	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyasatirtha	15th and 16th centuries	epistemologists, metaphysicians	Vyāsatīrtha, also called Vyasaraja or Chandrikacharya, was a Hindu philosopher, scholar, polemicist, commentator and poet belonging to the Madhwacharya's Dvaita order of Vedanta.
Vāchaspati_Misra	Vāchaspati Misra	Q1292812	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81chaspati_Misra	1st through 10th centuries		Vachaspati Mishra, was a ninth or tenth century Indian Hindu philosopher of the Advaita Vedanta tradition, who wrote bhashya on key texts of almost every 9th-century school of Hindu philosophy.
Vātsyāyana	Vātsyāyana	Q380234	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81tsy%C4%81yana	1st through 10th centuries		Mallanāga Vātsyāyana was an ancient Indian philosopher, known for authoring the Kama Sutra.
W._D._Ross	W. D. Ross	Q1364954	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._D._Ross	19th century		Sir William David Ross, known as David Ross but usually cited as W.
Walafrid_Strabo	Walafrid Strabo	Q456569	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walafrid_Strabo	1st through 10th centuries		Walafrid, alternatively spelt Walahfrid, nicknamed Strabo, was an Alemannic Benedictine monk and theological writer who lived on Reichenau Island in southern Germany.
Walter_Benjamin	Walter Benjamin	Q61078	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Benjamin	19th century	aestheticians, social and political philosophers	Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German philosopher, cultural critic, media theorist, and essayist.
Walter_Burley	Walter Burley	Q1862572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Burley	11th through 14th centuries	logicians, metaphysicians	Walter Burley was an English scholastic philosopher and logician with at least 50 works attributed to him.
Walter_Charleton	Walter Charleton	Q3084997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Charleton	17th century		Walter Charleton was a natural philosopher and English writer.
Walter_Chatton	Walter Chatton	Q1373185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Chatton	11th through 14th centuries		Walter Chatton was an English Scholastic theologian and philosopher who regularly sparred philosophically with William of Ockham, who is well known for Occam's razor.
Walter_Hilton	Walter Hilton	Q2213072	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Hilton	11th through 14th centuries		Walter Hilton, Can. Reg. was an English Augustinian mystic, whose works gained influence in 15th-century England and Wales.
Walter_Terence_Stace	Walter Terence Stace	Q433728	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Terence_Stace	19th century	epistemologists, ethicists	Walter Terence Stace was a British civil servant, educator, public philosopher and epistemologist, who wrote on Hegel, mysticism, and moral relativism.
Walter_of_Bruges	Walter of Bruges	Q7966528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_of_Bruges	11th through 14th centuries		Walter of Bruges was a Franciscan theologian, who flourished at the University of Paris 1267–1269.
Walter_of_Mortagne	Walter of Mortagne	Q583077	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_of_Mortagne	11th through 14th centuries		Walter of Mortagne was a Scholastic philosopher and Catholic theologian.
Wang_Bi	Wang Bi	Q459865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Bi	1st through 10th centuries		Wang Bi, courtesy name Fusi, was a Chinese philosopher and politician.
Wang_Chong	Wang Chong	Q319329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Chong	1st through 10th centuries		Wang Chong, courtesy name Zhongren, was a Chinese astronomer, meteorologist, naturalist, philosopher, and writer active during the Eastern Han dynasty.
Wang_Fuzhi	Wang Fuzhi	Q714374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Fuzhi	17th century		Wang Fuzhi, courtesy name Ernong, pseudonym Chuanshan, was a Chinese essayist, historian, and philosopher of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
Wang_Yangming	Wang Yangming	Q378462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Yangming	15th and 16th centuries		Wang Shouren, courtesy name Bo'an, art name Yangmingzi, usually referred to as Wang Yangming, was a Chinese statesman, general, and Neo-Confucian philosopher during the Ming dynasty.
Wasil_ibn_Ata	Wasil ibn Ata	Q3478100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasil_ibn_Ata	1st through 10th centuries		Wasil ibn Ata, also known as al-Ghazzal, was a Muslim theologian and jurist.
Wawrzyniec_Goślicki	Wawrzyniec Goślicki	Q1226315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wawrzyniec_Go%C5%9Blicki	15th and 16th centuries		Wawrzyniec Goślicki, in Latin called Laurentius Grimaldius Goslicius, was a Polish nobleman, Bishop of Poznań, political thinker and philosopher best known for his 1568 book De optimo senatore.
Wesley_Newcomb_Hohfeld	Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld	Q877412	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Newcomb_Hohfeld	19th century	social and political philosophers	Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld was an American legal scholar who wrote about jurisprudence and the nature of rights.
Wilhelm_Dilthey	Wilhelm Dilthey	Q60080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Dilthey	19th century	social and political philosophers	Wilhelm Dilthey was a German philosopher who held Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.
Wilhelm_Reich	Wilhelm Reich	Q84412	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich	19th century		Wilhelm Reich was an Austrian doctor of medicine and a psychoanalyst, a member of the second generation of analysts after Sigmund Freud.
Wilhelm_Traugott_Krug	Wilhelm Traugott Krug	Q215608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Traugott_Krug	18th century		Wilhelm Traugott Krug was a German philosopher and writer.
Wilhelm_Windelband	Wilhelm Windelband	Q77045	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Windelband	19th century		Wilhelm Windelband was a German philosopher of the Baden school.
Wilhelm_Wundt	Wilhelm Wundt	Q75814	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt	19th century		Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was a German physiologist, philosopher, professor, and one of the fathers of modern psychology.
Wilhelm_von_Humboldt	Wilhelm von Humboldt	Q77888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt	18th century		Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt was a Prussian philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin.
William_Belsham	William Belsham	Q3568427	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Belsham	18th century		William Belsham was an English political writer and historian, noted as a supporter of the Whig Party and its principles.
William_Blackstone	William Blackstone	Q332449	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blackstone	18th century		Sir William Blackstone was an English jurist, justice, and Tory politician most noted for his Commentaries on the Laws of England, which became the best-known description of the doctrines of the English common law.
William_Blake	William Blake	Q41513	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake	18th century		William Blake was an English poet, painter and printmaker.
William_Burdon	William Burdon	Q16857142	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Burdon	18th century		William Burdon was an English academic, mineowner and writer.
William_Chillingworth	William Chillingworth	Q597852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Chillingworth	17th century		William Chillingworth was a controversial English churchman.
William_Crathorn	William Crathorn	Q4355955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crathorn	11th through 14th centuries		William Crathorn was an English Dominican philosopher, from Oxford.
William_Ernest_Hocking	William Ernest Hocking	Q779523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ernest_Hocking	19th century		William Ernest Hocking was an American idealist philosopher at Harvard University.
William_Ernest_Johnson	William Ernest Johnson	Q2578676	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ernest_Johnson	19th century	logicians	William Ernest Johnson, usually cited as W.
William_Godwin	William Godwin	Q188569	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Godwin	18th century		William Godwin was an English journalist, political philosopher and novelist.
William_Hazlitt	William Hazlitt	Q126596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hazlitt	18th century		William Hazlitt was an English essayist, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher.
William_Henry_Stanley_Monck	William Henry Stanley Monck	Q8012168	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Stanley_Monck	19th century		William Henry Stanley Monck was an Irish astronomer and philosopher.
William_Houghton_(bishop)	William Houghton (bishop)	Q8012546	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Houghton_(bishop)	11th through 14th centuries		William Houghton was an English Dominican who became a diplomat and Archbishop of Dublin.
William_James	William James	Q125249	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James	19th century	epistemologists, social and political philosophers	William James was an American philosopher and psychologist.
William_Kingdon_Clifford	William Kingdon Clifford	Q323228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kingdon_Clifford	19th century	epistemologists	William Kingdon Clifford was a British mathematician and philosopher.
William_Law	William Law	Q3177480	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Law	17th century		William Law was a Church of England priest, spiritual writer, and theologian whose influence extended far beyond the circumstances that curtailed his ministry.
William_McDougall_(psychologist)	William McDougall (psychologist)	Q503315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McDougall_(psychologist)	19th century		William McDougall was an early 20th century psychologist who was a professor at University College London, University of Oxford, Harvard University and Duke University.
William_Mitchell_(philosopher)	William Mitchell (philosopher)	Q8015686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mitchell_(philosopher)	19th century		Sir William Mitchell, KCMG was a Scottish-born Australian philosopher and academic.
William_Paley	William Paley	Q433739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Paley	18th century	social and political philosophers	William Paley was an English Anglican clergyman, philosopher, abolitionist and utilitarian.
William_Perault	William Perault	Q8016774	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Perault	11th through 14th centuries		William Perault, also spelled Perauld; Latinized Peraldus or Peraltus, was a Dominican writer and preacher.
William_Ralph_Inge	William Ralph Inge	Q5823132	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ralph_Inge	19th century		William Ralph Inge was an English author, Anglican priest, professor of divinity at Cambridge, and dean of St Paul's Cathedral.
William_Ritchie_Sorley	William Ritchie Sorley	Q1771574	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ritchie_Sorley	19th century		William Ritchie Sorley, FBA, usually cited as W.
William_Stanley_Jevons	William Stanley Jevons	Q312546	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stanley_Jevons	19th century	logicians	William Stanley Jevons was an English economist and logician.
William_Temple_(bishop)	William Temple (bishop)	Q336315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Temple_(bishop)	19th century		William Temple was an English Anglican priest who served as Bishop of Manchester, Archbishop of York and Archbishop of Canterbury.
William_Thompson_(philosopher)	William Thompson (philosopher)	Q1340247	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thompson_(philosopher)	18th century		William Thompson was an Irish political and philosophical writer and social reformer, developing from utilitarianism into an early critic of capitalist exploitation whose ideas influenced the cooperative, trade union and Chartist movements as well as Karl Marx.
William_Torrey_Harris	William Torrey Harris	Q5791238	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Torrey_Harris	19th century		William Torrey Harris was an American educator, philosopher, and lexicographer.
William_Whewell	William Whewell	Q333922	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Whewell	18th century	ethicists	William Whewell was an English polymath. He was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.
William_Wollaston	William Wollaston	Q322001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wollaston	17th century	ethicists	William Wollaston was an English school teacher, Church of England priest, scholar of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, theologian, and a major Enlightenment era English philosopher.
William_de_la_Mare	William de la Mare	Q718564	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_la_Mare	11th through 14th centuries		William de La Mare was an English Franciscan theologian.
William_of_Alnwick	William of Alnwick	Q8020857	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Alnwick	11th through 14th centuries		William of Alnwick was a Franciscan friar and theologian, and bishop of Giovinazzo, who took his name from Alnwick in Northumberland.
William_of_Auvergne	William of Auvergne	Q1347826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Auvergne	11th through 14th centuries		William of Auvergne, also known as William of Paris, was a French theologian and philosopher who served as Bishop of Paris from 1228 until his death.
William_of_Auxerre	William of Auxerre	Q931898	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Auxerre	11th through 14th centuries		William of Auxerre was a French scholastic theologian and official in the Roman Catholic Church.
William_of_Champeaux	William of Champeaux	Q267825	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Champeaux	11th through 14th centuries		Guillaume de Champeaux, known in English as William of Champeaux and Latinised to Gulielmus de Campellis, was a French philosopher and theologian.
William_of_Conches	William of Conches	Q615260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Conches	11th through 14th centuries		William of Conches, historically sometimes anglicized as William Shelley, was a medieval Norman-French scholastic philosopher who sought to expand the bounds of Christian humanism by studying secular works of classical literature and fostering empirical science.
William_of_Durham	William of Durham	Q8020870	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Durham	11th through 14th centuries		William of Durham is said to have founded University College, Oxford, England.
William_of_Falgar	William of Falgar	Q8020877	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Falgar	11th through 14th centuries		William of Falgar was a Franciscan theologian from south-west France, a follower of Bonaventure.
William_of_Heytesbury	William of Heytesbury	Q1856133	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Heytesbury	11th through 14th centuries		William of Heytesbury, or William Heytesbury, or William de Heytisbury, called in Latin Guglielmus Hentisberus or Tisberus, was an English philosopher and logician, best known as one of the Oxford Calculators of Merton College, Oxford, where he was a fellow.
William_of_Lucca	William of Lucca	Q8020888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Lucca	11th through 14th centuries		William of Lucca was an Italian theologian and scholastic philosopher.
William_of_Macclesfield	William of Macclesfield	Q3569049	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Macclesfield	11th through 14th centuries		William of Macclesfield was an English Dominican theologian, given the Scholastic accolade Doctor Inclytus.
William_of_Moerbeke	William of Moerbeke	Q538267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Moerbeke	11th through 14th centuries		William of Moerbeke, O.P., was a prolific medieval translator of philosophical, medical, and scientific texts from Greek into Latin, enabled by the period of Latin rule of the Byzantine Empire.
William_of_Newburgh	William of Newburgh	Q1234687	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Newburgh	11th through 14th centuries		William of Newburgh or Newbury, also known as William Parvus, was a 12th-century English historian and Augustinian canon of Anglo-Saxon descent from Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire.
William_of_Nottingham_I	William of Nottingham I	Q18736141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Nottingham_I	11th through 14th centuries		William of Nottingham, OFM, was an English Franciscan friar who served as the fourth Minister Provincial of England.
William_of_Nottingham_II	William of Nottingham II	Q21568730	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Nottingham_II	11th through 14th centuries		William of Nottingham, OFM was an English Franciscan friar who served as the seventeenth Minister Provincial of England.
William_of_Ockham	William of Ockham	Q43936	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Ockham	11th through 14th centuries	epistemologists, logicians, metaphysicians	William of Ockham or Occam was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher and theologian.
William_of_Pagula	William of Pagula	Q8020898	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Pagula	11th through 14th centuries		William of Pagula, also known as William Paull or William Poull, was a 14th-century English canon lawyer and theologian best known for his written works, particularly his manual for priests entitled the Oculus Sacerdotis.
William_of_Saint-Amour	William of Saint-Amour	Q2576059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Saint-Amour	11th through 14th centuries		William of Saint-Amour was an early figure in thirteenth-century scholasticism, chiefly notable for his withering attacks on the friars.
William_of_Saint-Thierry	William of Saint-Thierry	Q1628129	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Saint-Thierry	11th through 14th centuries		William of Saint-Thierry, O. Cist was a twelfth-century Benedictine, theologian and mystic from Liège who became abbot of Saint-Thierry in France, and later joined the Cistercian Order.
William_of_Sherwood	William of Sherwood	Q325650	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Sherwood	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	William of Sherwood or William Sherwood, with numerous variant spellings, was a medieval English scholastic philosopher, logician, and teacher.
William_of_Soissons	William of Soissons	Q45285670	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Soissons	11th through 14th centuries	logicians	William of Soissons was a French logician who lived in Paris in the 12th century.
Wolfgang_Köhler	Wolfgang Köhler	Q213672	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_K%C3%B6hler	19th century		Wolfgang Köhler was a German psychologist and phenomenologist who, like Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka, contributed to the creation of Gestalt psychology.
Woncheuk	Woncheuk	Q706529	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woncheuk	1st through 10th centuries		Woncheuk was a Korean Buddhist monk who worked in seventh century China.
Wonhyo	Wonhyo	Q485114	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonhyo	1st through 10th centuries		Wŏnhyo was one of the most important philosophers and commentators in East Asian Buddhism and the most prolific scholar in Korean Buddhism.
Wu_Zhihui	Wu Zhihui	Q5949052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Zhihui	19th century		Wu Jingheng, commonly known by his courtesy name Wu Zhihui, also known as Wu Shi-Fee, was a Chinese linguist and philosopher who was the chairman of the 1912–13 Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation that created Zhuyin and standardized Guoyu pronunciation.
Władysław_Tatarkiewicz	Władysław Tatarkiewicz	Q1335335	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Tatarkiewicz	19th century		Władysław Tatarkiewicz was a Polish philosopher, historian of philosophy, historian of art, esthetician, and ethicist.
Xavier_Zubiri	Xavier Zubiri	Q680632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Zubiri	19th century	metaphysicians	Xavier Zubiri was a Spanish philosopher. Zubiri was a member of the Madrid School, composed of philosophers José Ortega y Gasset, José Gaos, and Julián Marías, among others.
Xenocrates	Xenocrates	Q214121	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenocrates	centuries BC	ethicists, metaphysicians	Xenocrates of Chalcedon was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and leader of the Platonic Academy from 339/8 to 314/3 BC.
Xenophanes	Xenophanes	Q131671	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophanes	centuries BC	epistemologists, metaphysicians	Xenophanes of Colophon was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, poet, and critic of Homer.
Xenophon	Xenophon	Q129772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophon	centuries BC		Xenophon of Athens was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian.
Xiong_Shili	Xiong Shili	Q699536	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiong_Shili	19th century		Xiong Shili was a Chinese essayist and philosopher whose major work A New Treatise on Vijñaptimātra is a Confucian critique of the Buddhist Vijñapti-mātra "consciousness-only" theory popularized in China by the Tang-dynasty pilgrim Xuanzang.
Xu_Xing_(philosopher)	Xu Xing (philosopher)	Q8045136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Xing_(philosopher)	centuries BC		Xu Xing was a Chinese philosopher and one of the most notable advocates of the egalitarian political philosophy of agriculturalism.
Xunzi_(philosopher)	Xunzi (philosopher)	Q216072	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher)	centuries BC	social and political philosophers	Xunzi, born Xun Kuang, was a late Warring States period Confucian Chinese philosopher, often ranked as the third great Confucian philosopher of antiquity after his predecessors Confucius and Mencius.
Yadava_Prakasa	Yadava Prakasa	Q55638017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadava_Prakasa	11th through 14th centuries		Yadava Prakasa was a Bṛhaddevatā Vedanta scholar and a contemporary of Vaishnava acharya Ramanuja.
Yahya_ibn_Adi	Yahya ibn Adi	Q3571334	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Adi	1st through 10th centuries		Abū Zakarīyā’ Yaḥyá ibn ʿAdī known as Yahya ibn Adi was a Syriac Orthodox Christian philosopher, theologian and translator working in Arabic.
Yajnavalkya	Yajnavalkya	Q1423663	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yajnavalkya	centuries BC		Yajnavalkya or Yagyavalkya is a Hindu Vedic sage prominently mentioned in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad and Tattiriya Upanishad.
Yan_Yuan_(Qing_dynasty)	Yan Yuan (Qing dynasty)	Q1151004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Yuan_(Qing_dynasty)	17th century		Yan Yuan, courtesy name Yizhi or Hunran, art name Xizhai was a Chinese classicist, essayist, and philosopher.
Yang_Xiong_(author)	Yang Xiong (author)	Q553520	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Xiong_(author)	centuries BC		Yang Xiong, courtesy name Ziyun, was a Chinese philosopher, poet, linguist and politician of the Western Han dynasty known for his philosophical writings and fu poetry compositions.
Yang_Zhu	Yang Zhu	Q469931	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Zhu	centuries BC		Yang Zhu, also known as Yangzi, was a Chinese philosopher during the Warring States period.
Yi_Hwang	Yi Hwang	Q486291	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_Hwang	15th and 16th centuries		Yi Hwang was a Korean philosopher, writer, and Confucian scholar of the Joseon period.
Yi_I	Yi I	Q379653	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_I	15th and 16th centuries	social and political philosophers	Yi I was a Korean philosopher, writer, and Confucian scholar of the Joseon period.
Yohanan_Alemanno	Yohanan Alemanno	Q4022814	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohanan_Alemanno	15th and 16th centuries		Yohanan Alemanno was an Italian Jewish rabbi, noted Kabbalist, humanist philosopher, and exegete, and teacher of the Hebrew language to Italian humanists including Pico della Mirandola.
Yu_Zhengxie	Yu Zhengxie	Q8059998	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengxie	18th century		Yu Zhengxie was a Qing dynasty scholar from Yi county in modern-day Anhui province.
Yves_Marie_André	Yves Marie André	Q2326613	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Marie_Andr%C3%A9	17th century		Yves Marie André, also known as le Père André, was a French Jesuit mathematician, philosopher, and essayist.
Zeami_Motokiyo	Zeami Motokiyo	Q169352	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeami_Motokiyo	11th through 14th centuries		Zeami Motokiyo, also called Kanze Motokiyo, was a Japanese aesthetician, actor, and playwright.
Zengzi	Zengzi	Q1207671	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zengzi	centuries BC		Zeng Shen, better known as Zengzi, courtesy name Ziyu, was a Chinese philosopher and disciple of Confucius.
Zeno_of_Citium	Zeno of Citium	Q171303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium	centuries BC	epistemologists	Zeno of Citium was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium, Cyprus.
Zeno_of_Elea	Zeno of Elea	Q132157	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea	centuries BC	metaphysicians	Zeno of Elea was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea, in what is now Southern Italy.
Zeno_of_Sidon	Zeno of Sidon	Q189759	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_of_Sidon	centuries BC		Zeno of Sidon was a Greek Epicurean philosopher from the Seleucid city of Sidon.
Zeno_of_Tarsus	Zeno of Tarsus	Q189767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_of_Tarsus	centuries BC		Zeno of Tarsus was a Stoic philosopher and the son of Dioscorides.
Zhang_Dongsun	Zhang Dongsun	Q564886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Dongsun	19th century		Zhang Dongsun, also known as Chang Tung-sheng, was a Chinese philosopher, public intellectual and political figure.
Zhang_Xuecheng	Zhang Xuecheng	Q8070379	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Xuecheng	18th century		Zhang Xuecheng was a Chinese historian and philosopher during the Qing dynasty.
Zhang_Yi_(Warring_States_period)	Zhang Yi (Warring States period)	Q197323	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Yi_(Warring_States_period)	centuries BC		Zhang Yi was a Chinese military strategist and philosopher.
Zhang_Zai	Zhang Zai	Q197338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Zai	11th through 14th centuries		Zhang Zai was a Chinese philosopher and politician.
Zheng_Xuan	Zheng Xuan	Q197649	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_Xuan	1st through 10th centuries		Zheng Xuan, courtesy name Kangcheng, was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer who lived towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty.
Zhi_Dun	Zhi Dun	Q1291946	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhi_Dun	1st through 10th centuries		Zhi Dun, courtesy name Daolin, was a Chinese Buddhist monk and philosopher.
Zhiyi	Zhiyi	Q197778	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhiyi	1st through 10th centuries		Zhiyi also called Tiantai Dashi and Zhizhe, was a Chinese Buddhist monk, philosopher, meditation teacher, and exegete.
Zhou_Dunyi	Zhou Dunyi	Q197962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Dunyi	11th through 14th centuries		Zhou Dunyi was a Chinese cosmologist, philosopher, and writer during the Song dynasty.
Zhu_Xi	Zhu Xi	Q9397	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu_Xi	11th through 14th centuries		Zhu Xi, formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese philosopher, historian, politician, poet, and calligrapher of the Southern Song dynasty.
Zhuang_Zhou	Zhuang Zhou	Q47739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou	centuries BC	social and political philosophers	Zhuang Zhou, honorifically often known as Zhuangzi, was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE during the Warring States period, a period of great development in Chinese philosophy, the Hundred Schools of Thought.
Zichan	Zichan	Q1184340	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zichan	centuries BC		Zichan was a Chinese statesman during the late Spring and Autumn period.
Zisi	Zisi	Q1147803	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zisi	centuries BC		Zisi, born Kong Ji, was a Chinese philosopher and the grandson of Confucius.
Zoroaster	Zoroaster	Q35811	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroaster	centuries BC	ethicists	Zarathushtra Spitama, more commonly known as Zoroaster or Zarathustra, was an Iranian religious reformer who challenged the tenets of the contemporary Ancient Iranian religion, becoming the spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism.
Zou_Yan	Zou Yan	Q227022	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zou_Yan	centuries BC		Zou Yan was a Chinese philosopher and spiritual writer of the Warring States-era.
Édouard_Le_Roy	Édouard Le Roy	Q274358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Le_Roy	19th century		Édouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy was a French philosopher and mathematician.
Émile_Boutroux	Émile Boutroux	Q274969	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Boutroux	19th century		Étienne Émile Marie Boutroux was a French philosopher of science and a historian of philosophy.
Émile_Durkheim	Émile Durkheim	Q15948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim	19th century	social and political philosophers	David Émile Durkheim was a French sociologist.
Émile_Littré	Émile Littré	Q286107	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Littr%C3%A9	19th century		Émile Maximilien Paul Littré was a French lexicographer, freemason and philosopher, best known for his Dictionnaire de la langue française, commonly called le Littré.
Émile_Meyerson	Émile Meyerson	Q286232	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Meyerson	19th century		Émile Meyerson was a Polish-born French epistemologist, chemist, philosopher of science and Zionist activist.
Émile_Saisset	Émile Saisset	Q3588744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Saisset	19th century		Émile Edmond Saisset was a French philosopher.
Émilie_du_Châtelet	Émilie du Châtelet	Q7286	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet	18th century		Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Châtelet was a French mathematician and physicist.
Étienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac	Étienne Bonnot de Condillac	Q272119	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac	18th century		Étienne Bonnot de Condillac was a French philosopher and Catholic priest who focused on psychology and the philosophy of the mind.
Étienne_Gilson	Étienne Gilson	Q289739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson	19th century	metaphysicians	Étienne Henri Gilson was a French Catholic philosopher and historian of philosophy.
Īśvarakṛṣṇa	Īśvarakṛṣṇa	Q6089542	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AA%C5%9Bvarak%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87a	1st through 10th centuries		Īśvarakṛṣṇa was an Indian philosopher and sage.
Śvetaketu	Śvetaketu	Q17023260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Avetaketu	centuries BC		Svetaketu, also spelt Shvetaketu, was a sage mentioned in the Chandogya Upanishad.
Śāriputra	Śāriputra	Q320142	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81riputra	centuries BC		Śāriputra was one of the top disciples of the Buddha.